问题 阅读理解与欣赏

文言文阅读。

食喻

  国朝尚书刘南垣公,告老家居。有直指使者,以饮食苛求属吏,郡县患之。公曰:“此吾门生,当开谕之。”

  俟其来款之,曰:“老夫欲设席,恐妨公务,特留此一饭。但老妻他往,无人治具,家常饭,能对食乎?”直指以师命,不敢辞。

  自朝过午,饭尚未出,直指饥甚。比食至,惟脱粟饭、豆腐一器而已。各食三碗,直指觉过饱。

  少顷,佳肴美耘,罗列盈前,不能下箸。公强之,对曰:“已饱甚,不能也。”公笑曰:“可见饮馔原无精粗,饥时易为食,饱时难为味,时使然耳!”

  直指谕其训,后不敢以盘飧责人。

【注释】①刘南垣公:指曾任明朝尚书的刘麟。②直指使:官职名。③属吏:部下。④款:款待。⑤箸:筷子。⑥飧(sūn):本指晚饭,这里指饭食。

1.解释下列句中加粗词语的含义。

(1)其来款之      俟:____________                    

(2)无人治具        治具:_____________                  

(3)自过午        朝:_______________                    

(4)直指其训      谕:______________                    

2.下列对文章理解不正确的一项是(    )

A.刘南垣公曾在朝中担任尚书,后告老还乡,当他听说自己的一个学生做官以后常因饭菜不合口味而责难部下时,他就出面开导,让其知错而改。

B.直指使食甘餍肥、挑剔饮食是因为他没有挨过饿,刘南垣公让他饿了一个上午,才拿出粗食给他吃,他照样吃得很香甜。

C.本文人物描写非常精彩,运用语言、动作、神态、心理等手法,寥寥几笔就将刘南垣公的老成持重、直指使的年少轻狂刻画得栩栩如生。

D.这篇文章启示我们,从来没有吃过苦的年轻人,应该有意识地把自己放在艰苦的环境里锻炼,这样有利于提升自己的道德素养。

3.把下面的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)以饮食苛求属吏,郡县患之。

_______________________________________________

(2)饥时易为食,饱时难为味,时使然耳!

_______________________________________________

4.请用简洁的语言说说刘麟教育学生的过程及结果,并对他的教育方法进行评价。

过程:_______________________________________________

结果:_______________________________________________

评价:_______________________________________________

答案

1.(1)等;(2)下厨张罗(或做饭 );(3)早晨;(4)明白、悟出  

2.C

3.(1)对饮食特别讲究,百般挑剔,常因菜饭不合味责骂部下,郡县长官接待他都感到担忧。(2)饥饿时饭菜易做易食,饱时饭菜难做难吃,美味也不易下咽啊。这是所处不同才这样的啊!

4.过程:诚恳挽留直指使吃一顿饭,故意拖延时间,让直指使感到非常饥饿时,用粗粝的饭食招待他。当他吃饱后对着丰盛的美食再也无法下咽时,不失时机地开导他。结果:直指使明白老师这样做的良苦用心,改正了自己的错误,后来再也不敢因为饮食而责难部下了。评价示例:刘麟的教育方法非常独特,他巧妙地让学生亲身经历先挨饿再饱食的过程,自己悟出错误,然后虚心改过。这种方法比严厉批评或直接指出错误更容易让人接受。

(意思对即可)

解答题
阅读理解

Please excuse me if I'm a little sad today. Mark is leaving, and I'm feeling kind of sad.

You probably don't know Mark, but you might be lucky enough to know someone just like him. He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of years combining great professional skills with a sweet nature. He just wants to do his job, and to do it superbly well. And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional opportunity. It sounds like it could be the chance of a lifetime, and we're genuinely, sincerely pleased for him. But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to a dear friend and trusted colleague.

Life has a way of throwing these curve balls at us. Just when we start to get comfortable with a person, a place or a situation. A terrific neighbor moves away. Someone in the family graduates. A child finds new love and loyalties through marriage. The family's principle bread-winner is laid off.

But how do we do that? A friend of mine who works for the government once told me that the answer to life's problems can be summed up in four words: "Go with the flow."

"It's like surfing," Chris explained. "You can't organize the ocean. Waves just happen. You ride them where they take you, then you paddle back out there and catch the next one. Sure, you're always hoping for the perfect wave where you can get. But mostly you just take them the way they come.

I'm not exactly sure, but I think Chris was saying that life is a series of events—both good and bad. There will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no control. That doesn't mean you don't keep trying to make all your dreams come true. It just means that when things come up that aren't exactly in your plan, you work around them—and then you move on. Of course, some bumps along the road of life are easier to take than others. A rained-out picnic, for example, is easier to cope with than the sudden death of a loved one. But the principle is the same.

We're going to miss Mark, just like you'll miss that graduate, that neighbor or that newlywed. But rather than drown ourselves in the sadness of our parting, we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future—for him, and for us. And then we'll go out and do everything we can to make that future happen.

小题1:The passage is mainly about ___________.

A.how to change yourself successfully

B.how to do if your colleague (同事) leaves

C.how to deal with unhappy things in life

D.how to deal with unexpected things in life小题2:In Paragraph 1 , the writer tells the story about Mike to _________.

A.let us know his colleague

B.praise his colleague

C.introduce a topic

D.describe his life小题3:The leaving of Mike makes the writer feel _________________.

A.really unpleasant

B.very angry

C.both happy and sad

D.a little disappointed小题4:Which is not an unexpected thing in life mentioned in the passage?

A.A rained-out picnic.

B.A terrific neighbor’s apology.

C.The sudden death of a loved.

D.The graduation of a family member.小题5:In the writer’s opinion, one should ________ when unexpected things come up.

A.accept them and hope for a better future

B.do as planned

C.overcome difficulties and let them in control

D.never give up until he succeeds