问题 单项选择题

乳剂的制备方法中水相加至含乳化剂的油相中的方法是( )

A.手工法
B.干胶法
C.湿胶法
D.直接混合法
E.机械法

答案

参考答案:B

解析:乳剂的制备方法有手工法、机械法、纳米乳制备、复合乳剂的制备等。其中手工法又包括干胶法、湿胶法、新生皂法、两相交替加入法。
干胶法即水相加至含乳化剂的油相中,本法需先制备初乳,即将乳化剂与油混匀,按一定比例加水乳化成初乳,再逐渐加水稀释至全量,本法适用于阿拉伯胶或阿位伯胶与西黄蓍胶的混合胶作为乳化剂制备乳剂。
湿胶法即油相加至含乳化剂的水相中,本法也需制备初乳,初乳中油水胶的比例同干胶法,先将乳化剂溶解于初乳比例的水相中,分次加入油相制成初乳,再加入逐渐稀释至全量。
新生皂法即将油水两相混合时,两相界面上生成的新生皂类产生乳化的方法。植物油中含有硬脂酸、油酸等有机酸,加入氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙、三乙醇胺等,在高温下(70℃以上)生成的新生皂为乳化剂,经搅拌即形成乳剂。生成的一价皂则为O/W型乳化剂,生成的二价皂则为W/O型乳化剂。本法适用于乳膏剂的制备。故本题答案选择B。

单项选择题 A1型题
单项选择题

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, (1) , depends first and (2) on its capacity to produce wealth." Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3) on things that money can buy. "Goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and " (4) ". A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7) climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources (8) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9) as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10) wars, and (11) this and other reasons was (12) to develop her resources. (13) and stable political conditions, and (14) from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (15) by nature but less well ordered.

A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (16) its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17) , Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (19) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (20) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

19()

A.likely

B.likewise

C.certainly

D.otherwise