问题 问答题

小明用如图甲所示的装置做“观察水的沸腾”实验.

(1)他为图中温度计写了一份使用说明书,其中有科学性错误的一条是______(填序号).

温度计说明书

①测量前,了解温度计的量程和分度值;

②测量时,温度计的玻璃泡与被测液体不一定要充分接触;

③待温度计的示数稳定后再读数,读数时温度计不可以离开被测液体;

④读数时,视线要与温度计中液柱的上表面相平.

(2)两组同学虽然选用的实验装置相同,但水开始沸腾的时刻不同,他们绘制的沸腾图象如图乙所示:a、b两种图象不同的原因是水的______不同.(选填“初温”、“密度”或“质量”)

(3)通过分析图乙,归纳出水沸腾的特点是:______.

(4)撤去酒精灯,小明观察到水没有立即停止沸腾,此时的温度______(选填“高于”、“等于”或“低于”)沸点.

(5)酒精灯火焰给水加热过程中,热量总是从高温物体传给低温物体,而不会从低温物体传给高温物体,说明能量的转移具有______性.

答案

(1)测量时,温度计的玻璃泡要完全浸没在被测液体中,与被测液体充分接触,所以②错误;

(2)a、b都是水,密度是相同的,由图乙知,两a、b的初温相同,沸点相同,但b的加热时间较长,则说明b的质量较大;

(3)由图乙知,水在沸腾过程中温度保持100℃不变,所以水在沸腾过程中吸热,但温度保持不变;

(4)撤去酒精灯,由于石棉网的温度高于水的沸点,所以水仍可以吸热,不会立即停止沸腾,此时温度仍等于沸点;

(5)酒精灯火焰给水加热过程中,热量总是从高温物体传给低温物体,而不会从低温物体传给高温物体,说明能量的转移具有方向性.

故答案为:(1)②;(2)质量;(3)吸热但温度保持不变;(4)等于;(5)方向.

单项选择题
阅读理解

About three hundred words in the English language come from the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention of discovery, a new word may be coined(杜撰) after the inventor or scientist.

It is interesting to observe how many common words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich, who lived from 1718-1792, used to sit at the gambling(赌博) table eating bread with meat in between. As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that way, his friends began to call the bread “sandwich” for fun. Later on,the word became part of the English language.

The word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh(苛刻的) man. He treated his poor tenants (佃户) very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed(免除). The word “boycott” became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.

小题1:A few hundred ___________ come from the names of people.

A.new inventions

B.languages

C.English words

D.new discoveries小题2:“Sandwich” is a word coined (杜撰) by ____________.

A.Lord Sandwich

B.the friends of Lord Sandwich

C.inventors

D.scientists小题3: The tenants did not like ___________.

A.to collect rents and taxes

B.the English landowner

C.the harsh land agent

D.to speak