问题 选择题

马达加斯加群岛与非洲大陆只相隔狭窄的海峡,但两地生物种类有许多不同.造成这种现象的原因是(  )

A.人工选择的结果

B.自然选择的方向不同

C.变异的方向不同

D.岛上的生物都不进化

答案

自然界中的生物,通过激烈的生存斗争,适应者生存下来,不适应者被淘汰掉,这就是自然选择,达尔文认为:自然界中的生物在繁殖过程中,环境对生物的选择是定向的,变异为生物进化提供了原始材料;任何一种生物在生活过程中都必须为生存而斗争.生存斗争包括生物与无机环境之间的斗争,生物种内的斗争,如为食物、配偶和栖息地等的斗争,以及生物种间的斗争;在生存斗争中,具有有利变异的个体,容易在生存斗争中获胜而生存下去.由于生存斗争不断地进行,因而自然选择也是不断地进行,通过一代代的生存环境的选择作用,变异被定向地向着一个方向积累,于是性状逐渐和原来的祖先不同了,这样,新的物种就形成了.在自然选择过程中,环境的选择作用决定了生物的进化方向,生物要朝着适应环境的方向进化,因此,两地生物种类不同的原因是自然选择的方向不同.

故选:B

填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
Participation (26) high school sports is not a constitutional right. (27) , it is a privilege, paid for by taxpayers, open to students who promise to (28) certain conduct requirements on and off the field. One of these promises is to (29) from using drugs. Drug use is a serious problem among high school students. Studies show that as many as 500, 000 high school students use muscle-pumping, life-destroying substances such as steroids. Many more use illegal drugs, (30) cause discipline problems and (31) the stage for lifelong (32) .
Drug testing works to (33) and identify use. That is why drug testing is required to compete in the Olympics, the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the National Football League. (34) drug testing was instituted by these organizations, use of performance- (35) drugs has been greatly reduced. We should want (36) in schools.
Indeed, many athletes (37) testing programs, and no wonder. Without testing, athletes have to choose between drug use and a competitive disadvantage (38) the field.
Those who challenge the need for drug testing may be forgetting (39) it is like be an adolescent. Peer pressure is enormous, and one of the few effective counter-weights is the fear of being caught. More importantly, once drug use is (40) , a school can (41) to the student before he or she gets addicted or arrested.
For 25 years, public schools (42) by federal judges and civil libertarians, with results everyone can see. It is time (43) decisions on how to run public schools locally (44) officials. There is nothing unconstitutional about asking those who gain the advantages of school-sponsored athletics to contribute to the safety of other players, the integrity of the game and their own well-being. The Supreme Court should leave these programs (45) .

A.for returning

B.return

C.to return

D.returning

判断题