问题 问答题

齿状线的解剖意义及其临床意义。

答案

参考答案:齿状线是直肠与肛管的交界线,是重要的解剖标志,亦是胚胎时期内外胚层的交界处。齿状线上下的血管,神经及淋巴来源都不同,其临床意义如下:①齿状线以上是粘膜,受自主神经支配,无疼痛感;齿状线以下是皮肤,受阴部内神经支配,疼痛感觉敏锐,故内痔的注射及手术治疗均须在齿状线以上进行,切忌在齿状线以下。②齿状线以上由直肠上下动脉供应,齿状线以下由肛管动脉供应。③齿状线以上是直肠上静脉丛通过直肠上静脉引流至门静脉,若静脉曲张则形成内痔。齿状线以下是直肠下静脉丛,通过肛门静脉回流至腔静脉,此静脉曲张则形成外痔。④齿状线以上的淋巴回流主要入腹主动脉旁淋巴结或髂内淋巴结;齿状线以下的淋巴引流主要入腹股沟淋巴结及髂外淋巴结,恶性肿瘤淋巴转移有重要的参考意义。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
  There are all kinds of trains in the world. There are trains to carry people, trains to carry animals
or carry things. There are fast trains and slow ones. Some trains go through hills.   
     In big cities, the streets are usually very busy. So you can find trains under the ground and trains
on a rail above the streets. They carry people quickly in and out of the city.   
     Can a train run over water? Yes, it can. There are many bridges over the rivers. The trains can
easily run over the water. But it is not easy to build the bridges. Today's trains have dining-rooms for
people. You may eat something in them on the way if you are hungry. Trains are useful to men, women
and children. Many children have model trains. With the model trains they can build their own rails and
enjoy the wonderful world of trains.
1. There are all kinds of trains. Here "all kinds of trains" means ______.   
[ ]
A. fast trains and slow trains   
B. many different kinds of trains   
C. trains to go through hills   
D. trains to carry people
2. The trains carry people in and out of the big cities under the ground and on a rail above the streets 
    because ______.   
[ ]
A. the streets are very busy    
B. the cities are big   
C. the trains have dining-rooms  
D. the cities are too small
3. If you are hungry, you may go to ______ of the train to have something to eat when you are
    travelling by train.   
[ ]
A. some rooms           
B. some shops   
C. the dining-room         
D. the station
4. It's             for trains to run over the water but ______ to build bridges.   
[ ]
A. easy, easy           
B. easily, not easy   
C. difficult, easily        
D. easy, difficult
单项选择题