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问题 单项选择题

男，42岁。十二指肠球部溃疡史7年，突感上腹部剧痛3小时，继之满腹疼痛、大汗淋漓、出冷汗、四肢厥冷。血压9.7/6kPa，心率124次／分。体检：全腹有压痛及反跳痛，临床怀疑溃疡穿孔，此时首要的处理是（）

A.补充血容量

B.抗感染

C.制酸药静脉滴注

D.镇静止痛

E.急症手术

答案

参考答案：A

解析：穿孔应早期发现，立即禁食、补血、补液，迅速做好术前准备，置胃管予胃肠减压，争取6～12小时紧急手术。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读理解：

　　（1）我把我对于祖国的这些感触用音乐写下来，像我把生活中的痛楚用音乐写下来一样。我渐渐把脱离内容的技巧，用来诉说内心的痛苦，诉说祖国的被压迫。初到法国的时候，还有艺术家的所谓“慎重”，一个作品要花上一年的工夫，像小提琴及钢琴合奏的《索拿大》，我就花了八个月。但以后，我觉得不能这样了。我写自以为比较成功的作品《风》的时候，正是被生活逼得走投无路的时候。我住在一间七层楼上的破小房子里，门窗都坏了，巴黎的天气本来就比中国南方冷，冬夜又刮大风，我没有棉被，觉也睡不成，只得点灯写作，哪知风猛烈吹进来，煤油灯（我安不起电灯）灭了又灭。我伤心极了，我打着战，风穿过门窗，猛烈嘶吼，我的心也跟着猛烈撼动。一切人生的苦、辣、辛、酸、不幸，都汹涌起来。我不能控制自己的感情，于是借风述怀，写成了这个作品。以后，我又把对祖国的思念写成《游子吟》《中国古诗》和其他的作品。

　　（2）他觉得自己也像是跌进了那冰冷的洪流中，怎么挣扎也抓不到一件可以依附的东西。他坐了起来，听窗外风声猛烈地嘶叫。这是寒冷的巴黎少有的酷冷天气。冷不防一扇窗页被吹落地上，窗页上的玻璃哗啦啦啦摔成碎块，桌上的谱纸被吹得满屋飞舞。他用床单堵上了窗户，但仍旧没有办法止住那从缝隙中不断钻进来的寒流。他点着煤灯，灯火在凛冽的冷风威胁下也不断熄灭。疲倦和困顿一点也没有了。这正是长夜沉沉，人们睡意方酣的时候，他却十分清醒，仿佛冷风吹走了头脑中一切浑浊的障碍，一霎时间变得非常空旷、冷漠。

1、第（1）段是冼星海留学巴黎时创作《风》的经过，你还知道他的哪些作品？写出三部即可。

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2、读完第（1）段作者创作《风》的经过，你从中得到怎样的启发？

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3、用一句名言来表达你读完第（1）段后的感想。

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4、第（2）段是冼星海的学生马可在《心血凝成的作品》中写冼星海创作《风》的经过的文字，同样一个内容，写法却不同，请从内容、体裁、表达方式等方面，比较探究一下两段的异同。答题时只从其中两方面分析即可。

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问答题

The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.
The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance the opportunities of blackmailers. (2) While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.
Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply diverts attention from the real dangers. Computer data banks can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. (3) But we must be careful, also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its own social processes and to analyze its problems.
Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has done and will do to man’s view of himself and his place in the universe. (4) The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as ’machines’.
What the computer and the progress in artificial intelligence challenge is an ethic that rests on man’s apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by natural law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. (5) The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man’s thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man’s place in the universe.
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