问题 填空题

(15分)甲醇是一种可再生能源,具有广泛的开发和应用前景.请回答下列与甲醇有关的问题.

(1)甲醇分子是____________分子(填“极性”或“非极性”).

(2)工业上一般可采用如下反应来合成甲醇:CO(g)+2H2(g) CH3OH(g)△H=﹣86.6KJ/mol,在T℃时,往一个体积固定为1L的密闭容器中加入1mol CO和2mol H2,反应达到平衡时,容器内的压强是开始时的3/5.

①达到平衡时,CO的转化率为____________

②下列选项能判断该反应达到平衡状态的依据的有____________

A.2v(H2)=v(CH3OH)

B.CO的消耗速率等于CH3OH的生成速率

C.容器内的压强保持不变

D.混合气体的密度保持不变 E.混合气体的颜色保持不变    F.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不随时间而变化

(3)已知在常温常压下:

①2CH3OH(1)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)     △H=﹣akJ·mol﹣1

②2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)                    △H=﹣bkl·mol﹣1

③H2O(g)=H2O(1)                           △H=﹣ckJ·mol1

则CH3OH(1)+O2(g)==CO(g)+2H2O(1)           △H=____________kJ·mol1

(4)由甲醇、氧气和NaOH溶液构成的新型手机电池,可使手机连续使用一个月才充一次电.

①该电池负极的电极反应式为____________________________________.

②若以该电池为电源,用石墨做电极电解200mL含有如下离子的溶液.

离子Cu2+H+ClSO42
c/mol·L﹣10.5220.5
   电解一段时间后,当两极收集到相同体积(相同条件)的气体时(忽略溶液体积的变化及电极产物可能存在的溶解现象)阳极上收集到氧气的质量为____________.

答案

(1)极性(2分)

(2)60%(2分)   CF(2分,全对得2分,只选1个且正确的得1分,选错1个扣1分)

(3)(b-a-4c)/2(3分)

(4)CH3OH-6e+8OH=CO32+6H2O(3分)  3.2g(3分,数值正确、未写单位的扣1分)

题目分析:(1)甲醇分子中的化学键都是极性键,且甲醇分子结构不对称,故甲醇是极性分子;(2)①根据化学平衡三行式计算,设消耗的一氧化碳物质的量为x;

CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)

起始量(mol) 1          2             0

变化量(mol) x       2x         x

平衡量(mol)1-x     2-2x         x

1-x+2-2x+x=3×3/5x=0.6

一氧化碳转化率=60%;②A、2v(H2)=v(CH3OH),没有明确是正、逆反应速率 ,且速率之比不等于化学计量数之比,不能作为平衡标志,错误;B、CO的消耗速率等于CH3OH的生成速率,均为正反应速率,不能作为平衡标志,错误;C、随着反应的进行,容器内气体的物质的量不断改变,容器内的压强不断改变,若容器内的压强保持不变,说明反应达到平衡状态,正确;D、根据质量守恒定律知,容器内气体质量不变,体积固定,混合气体的密度保持不变,不能说明反应达到平衡状态,错误;E、反应混合气中各组分均为无色气体,混合气体的颜色保持不变,不能说明反应达到平衡状态,错误;F、根据质量守恒定律知,随着反应的进行,容器内气体质量不变,物质的量变化,混合气体的平均相对分子质量不断变化,若混合气体的平均相对分子质量不随时间而变化,说明反应达到平衡状态,正确;选CF;(3)①2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)═2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)△H═-akJ•mol-1

②2CO(g)+O2(g)═2CO2(g)△H═-bkJ•mol-1

③H2O(g)═H2O(l)△H═-ckJ•mol-1

依据盖斯定律计算,①/2—②/2+③×2得到热化学方程式:CH3OH(l)+O2(g)═CO(g)+2H2O(l)△H═(b-a-4c)/2 kJ·mol﹣1;(4)①由甲醇、氧气和NaOH溶液构成的燃料电池,通入甲醇的一极发生氧化反应生成碳酸根和水,作原电池的负极,电极反应式为:CH3OH-6e-+8OH-=CO32-+6H2O;②根据题意知,阳极电极反应为:2Cl  --2e-=Cl2↑,4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2↑,  阴极电极反应为:Cu2++2e-=Cu, 2H++2e-=H2↑;阳极氯气和阴极氢气相同,设阳极生成的氧气物质的量为x,阴极上也应生成氢气物质的量x,根据电子守恒将题给数据代入列式:0.4+4x=0.2+0.4+2x,解得x=0.1mol,阳极上收集到氧气的物质的量0.1mol,质量为3.2g。

阅读理解

Values join us together and set us apart. Today, our society has a terrible lack(缺乏)of values. Here are some social values that everyone needs.

◆Respect

Respect means to respect(尊重)others in everyday life. Even if you are against a person, it is important to have respect. It is this respect that makes us human. Without this respect, we become  animals. We need to respect our friends for our friendships. We even need to respect our enemies, because they help us to grow up and be stronger. Respect is one of the crucial values in a relationship.

◆Love

Love is everything. With love in our hearts, we feel no need to hurt another. With love in our hearts, we will pay more attention to the similarities in opinions rather than the disagreement. If we want others to be good to us, we need to be good to them. After all, we give love to get love, right?

◆Loyalty

People often forget the meaning and importance of loyalty(忠诚). Loyalty is necessary for people to believe in each other. In no matter what kind of relationship, we need to believe in each other so that we can work together towards the same goal.

◆Honesty

Honesty is to show other people who we really are. Honesty helps us do better, because it makes us realize our problems and find ways to solve them. It is this honesty, that will make others help you out, not because you need it. But, because they have problems too, which you can help out with. This honesty will help us follow the other values in society and, truly, "heal the world"!

小题1:The Chinese meaning of the word “value” in the passage is probably “___________”.

A.价格

B.价值观念

C.生活习惯

D.爱好小题2:According to the passage, we are different from animals because of ____________.

A.Loyalty

B.Honesty

C.Love

D.Respect小题3:With love in our hearts, we will ____________.

A.grow up and become stronger

B.believe in each other

C.never hurt another and be good to others

D.realize our problems and find ways to solve them小题4:The best title of the passage can be “___________”.

A.Values we need for our society

B.Love and honesty

C.Our society

D.How to change our society

单项选择题