问题 问答题

糖尿病是由于人体内胰岛素紊乱导致的代谢紊化综合症,以高血糖为主要标志.长期摄入高热量食品和缺少运动,都会导致糖尿病.

(1)血糖是指血液中的葡萄糖,下列有关说法正确的是______

A.葡萄糖分子可表示为Ca(H2O)6,则每个葡萄糖分子含有6个H2O

B.葡萄糖与果糖互为同分异构体

C.糖尿病人尿糖较高,可用新制的氢氧化铜来检测病人尿液中的葡萄糖

D.淀粉水解的最终产物是氨基酸

(2)木糖醇 结构简式为:CH2OH(CHOH)3CH2OH是一种甜味剂,糖尿病人食用后不会导致血糖升高.若用氯原子取代木糖醇分子中碳原子上的氢原子,得到的一氯代物有______种同分异构体.

(3)糖尿病人不可饮酒,酒精在肝脏内可转化成有机物A.A的实验结果如下:

①通过实验测得A的相对分子质量为60.

②A由C、H、O三种元素组成,分子中只存在两种类型的氢原子,且这两种类型的氢原子的个数比为1:3.

③A可与酒精在一定条件下生成有芳香气味的物质.

请设计实验证明A与碳酸的酸性强弱:向A溶液中加入______溶液,发现有气泡冒出;写出A与酒精反应的化学方程式______.

(4)糖尿病人宜多吃蔬菜和豆类食品,豆类食品中富有蛋白质.下列说法正确的是______.

A.蛋白质溶液遇碘单质会变蓝色

B.蛋白质可以通过烧焦时的特殊气味鉴别

C.人体内不含水解纤维素的酶,不能消化纤维素,因此蔬菜中的纤维素对人体没有用处

D.部分蛋白质溶液遇浓硝酸变黄,称为蛋白质的显色反应

E.工业上常利用蛋白质的皂化反应来制取肥皂.

答案

(1)A、虽糖类可表示为Cm(H2O)n,但分子中没有水,故A错误;

B、因葡萄糖与果糖互为同分异构体,故B正确;

C、因新制的氢氧化铜能与葡萄糖反应生成红色的氧化亚铜,可用用新制的氢氧化铜来检测病人尿液中的葡萄糖,故C正确;

D、因淀粉水解的最终产物是为葡萄糖,故D错误;

故答案为:BC

(2)因CH2OH(CHOH)3CH2OH分子中碳原子上的氢原子有3种,所以得到的一氯代物有3种,故答案为:3;

(3)因A可与酒精在一定条件下生成有芳香气味的物质,可得A为酸,又因再结合A的相对分子质量为60,由C、H、O三种元素组成,分子中只存在两种类型的氢原子,且这两种类型的氢原子的个数比为1:3,所以A为乙酸,乙酸可与碳酸盐反应,生成二氧化碳气体,说明乙酸的酸性比碳酸强,故答案为:碳酸钠,因乙酸能与乙醇发生酯化反应得到乙酸乙酯和水:CH3COOH+CH3CH2O

 浓硫酸 
.
CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O,故答案为:CH3COOH+CH3CH2O
 浓硫酸 
.
CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O;

(4)A、因淀粉溶液遇碘单质会变蓝色,故A错误;

B、因蛋白质灼烧时有烧焦羽毛的特殊气味,所以可用灼烧来鉴别蛋白质,故B正确;

C、虽人体内不含水解纤维素的酶,不能消化纤维素,但蔬菜中的纤维素对人体有用处,故C错误;

D、因蛋白质的能发生显色反应,即部分蛋白质溶液遇浓硝酸变黄,故D正确;

E、因油脂皂化反应可用于制取肥皂,故E错误;

故答案为:BD.

阅读理解

On Sunday while I was having my own Father’s Day celebration, I thought about my dad a lot. By the time I called to tell him that I loved him, he had already gone to bed. So I wrote the following to show what my dad means to me.

About 28 years ago, my dad was a used car salesman. Every Thursday night, he would head off to Shreveport, LA for the auction(拍卖会). Most of the time, I drove a car over there for him so he could sell it there.

One day, I was riding with my dad to Shreveport for the auction when he found a hitchhiker(搭车者)with a backpack. As soon as dad saw him, he pulled the car over and offered him a ride. Dad asked him his name and continued to talk to him about all sorts of things. I can’t recall why but he told dad a lot of terrible things that had occurred to him. I sat in the back seat and watched the scene with amazement. I could see that the hitchhiker changed his attitude as he could tell someone who was really listening to him.

We drove another forty-five minutes before we had to exit the interstate(州际公路). We pulled over and dad told him to keep his head up and things would start looking up for him soon. He reached into his pocket and handed the hitchhiker a twenty-dollar bill and then a the-dollar bill.

We drove on and my dad did not say a single thing. I was still completely amazed by what I just witnessed. I was always told everyone to never pick up a hitchhiker and yet my dad did it every single time he saw one. I’m sure that it made that poor man’s day, probably a month to follow.

While reflecting upon that story, I learned a lot about my dad and life. I learned that if you come from a place of service or compassion, you can change people’s lives. Just one single kind act can change someone’s life. It never occurred to my dad about not stopping to help him.

This is the type of person my dad is. Thank you for setting such high standards for me to follow.

Dad, I love you. Happy Father’s Day!

小题1:The author and his dad met a hitchhiker(搭车者)_______.

A.when they were just warned not to pick up a stranger

B.on their way to Shreveport to sell a car

C.on their way to the west for a trip

D.when their car was running out of gas小题2:What do we learn about the hitchhiker from the passage?

A.Something unpleasant occurred to him.

B.He was going to the auction.

C.At first he didn’t believe in the author.

D.It was he who bought the author’s car.小题3:How did the author feel about his dad’s behavior at that time?

A.Angry

B.Appreciated

C.Surprised

D.Ashamed小题4:What did the author learn from his father?

A.Just a single kind act can make a difference.

B.Try learning to be a good listener.

C.Set high standards for yourself in life.

D.Offering a ride to a stranger is dangerous.

单项选择题