问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

水中毒时体液渗透压的改变特点是()

A.细胞内低渗、细胞外高渗,体液容量增多

B.细胞内高渗、细胞外低渗,体液容量增多

C.细胞内、外液均呈高渗状态而体液容量增多

D.细胞内、外液均呈低渗状态而体液容量增多

E.细胞内、外液均呈等渗状态而体液容量增多

答案

参考答案:D

解析:水过多(又称水中毒或稀释性低血钠)时,钠不少,水过多(需与低渗性缺水鉴别),较少发生。仅在ADH分泌过多或肾功能不全时,机体摄入水分过多或接受过多的静脉输液,才造成水在体内蓄积,导致水中毒。水进入组织内,使细胞内、外液渗透压下降。故细胞内、外液均呈低渗状态而体液容量增多,故答案应选D。

阅读理解

.

Hoorah!I have escaped the Czech (捷克) Republic! I am now wearing light clothing and sunglasses, although the latter are superfluous today, as it is cool and overcast with cloud and it has rained slightly.

The city of Qatar (卡塔尔) is flat and sandy with few trees — mostly palms. You can see construction everywhere, new streets with hotels and apartment blocks in Venice theme. It’s a mix of super modern and traditional building styles. Everything looks new including the vehicles. There are many huge roundabouts; no traffic rules or at least no one obeys any. The huge 4-storey shopping mall in fantastic style has an ice rink (溜冰场) on the ground floor. Thousands of people walk round the waterfront after dark.

Qataris are very religious and there are calls to prayers regularly. Qatari men are dressed in all sorts of traditional clothing plus western dresses. You can easily find imported labour from South Asian countries, poorly paid and discriminated against. I am told that Qataris don’t hide their racist attitudes.

Women are always wonderful sights. Some are in all sorts of black clothing with face uncovered; some totally enveloped; lots wearing western dresses. Best sight so far: a woman in a mall completely wrapped in black including gloves, not even an eye shown — wearing glasses on the outside of her veil (面纱), using a cell phone while fingering a dress.

I am living with my employers — a New Zealand couple, and another teacher named Wayne, all about my age. We share one apartment. I have a large room with a bathroom attached: it is a little run-down but very comfortable. The only rather annoying thing is that I have to use the laptop on my bed as there is no desk and chair in here. As soon as it is clear that I will be staying I will make a change to all this. I haven’t lived with other people for many years and have been used to living alone so it will be interesting to see how this works.

49. The best title for this passage is ________.

A. The New Life with My Employers               B. General Observation of Qataris

C. My Adventure in the Czech Republic           D. My First Impressions of Qatar

50. The underlined part in paragraph one can be explained as ________.

A. it will be a fine day later                B. light clothing is helpless with cold

C. sunglasses appear fantastic            D. sunglasses become unnecessary

51. In the author’s eyes, Qatar is a ________.

A. rich western industrialized country            B. backward agricultural country

C. modern society with religious tradition     D. nation closed to the outside world

52. It is true that the author is ________.                 

A. pleased with her present living condition   B. missing her days in the Czech Republic

C. not certain how long she will be staying     D. worried about her relation with her boss

单项选择题 A1/A2型题