问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下面材料,回答问题。

3岁的萱萱,长着大大的眼睛,虎头虎脑的脑袋,一看就招人喜欢。然而,到幼儿园里没有几天,老师就发现萱萱特别好动,她所进行的活动都很短暂,总是一个接着一个地换,如在活动室里,她几乎每分钟都在改变活动,一会儿玩积木,一会儿玩小汽车,一会儿玩拼图,更加让老师担心的是,稍不注意她就会爬上窗台往外看,还会袭击其他小伙伴……

问题:结合以上案例,分析为什么萱萱会有以上的行为表现。针对此类儿童,幼儿教师应如何教育?

答案

参考答案:

从案例中可以看出,萱萱很可能患了多动症。儿童多动症又称注意缺陷或轻微脑功能失调,是一种以注意障碍为突出表现,以多动为主要特征的儿童期常见的行为障碍。学龄期儿童的发病率比学龄前儿童高,男性的发病率明显高于女性。

多动症儿童一般在智力、工作技能、语言、社会性等方面比正常儿童发展迟缓,因而需要对他们进行较多的教育训练,如训练其手眼协调、注意力集中,多让他们与同伴一起做游戏,以增强语言交往和社会适应的能力等。心理学研究表明,多动症儿童的社会阈值较高,不管是正性强化还是负性强化,多动症儿童均不易接受,即一般奖惩不易约束和矫正此类儿童的行为,所以,对这类儿童的教育和训练要有极大的耐心,每一次提出的具体要求不要太高,要让他们通过努力能够达到,以增强其成就感,与此同时,要注意消除其不适宜的行为,当不良行为出现时采用漠视或暂时剥夺一些权利效果较好。行为治疗对学龄前儿童多动症有一定的疗效。

问答题
阅读理解

Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few .

   For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question 'What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状 ) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. 

   It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深 ) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. 

   The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

  Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.

 68. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _________.

 A) for oceanographic studies

 B) for military purposes

C) for business considerations

 D) for investigating the depths of the oceans

69. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was __________.

 A) to make some sound experiments in the oceans

 B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals

 C) to estimate the length of cable that was to be made

 D) to measure the depths of two oceans

70. 'Defied' in the 4th paragraph probably means ________

 A)   doubted        B)  gave proof to

 C)   challenged     D)  agreed to

71. This passage is mainly about _________

 A) the beginnings of oceanography

 B) the laying of the first undersea cable

C) the investigation of ocean depths

 D) the early intercontinental communications