问题 解答题

如图是长颈鹿进化示意图,根据图中提供的情景,回答下列问题.

如图,古代的长颈鹿,有颈长的和颈短的,颈的长短是可以______的.在环境条件发生变化,如缺乏青草的时候,颈长的可以吃到高处的树叶,就容易______,并繁殖后代.颈短的长颈鹿吃不到足够的树叶,活下来的可能性就很小,留下来的______也更少,经过许多代以后,颈短的就被______.因此,我们现在看到的长颈鹿都是______的.这种说法是按照______学说来解释的.

答案

古代长颈鹿有颈长和颈短的之分,这是生物的变异现象,这些变异是可以遗传的.对生物自身来说,生物的变异分为有利变异和不利变异;从图B、图C看出,颈长的长颈鹿生存下来,颈短的长颈鹿逐渐被淘汰.由此可见,颈长是有利变异,颈短是不利变异.达尔文认为,在生存斗争中,具有有利变异的个体,容易在生存斗争中获胜而生存下去.反之,具有不利变异的个体,则容易在生存斗争中失败而死亡.这就是说,凡是生存下来的生物都是适应环境的,而被淘汰的生物都是对环境不适应的,这就是适者生存.达尔文把在生存斗争中,适者生存、不适者被淘汰的过程叫做自然选择.

故答案为:遗传、生存、后代、淘汰、颈长、自然选择

阅读理解
选择方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯(每词只能用一次)。
along,  quick,  about,  knock,  someone,  her,  strange,  call,  please,  tea
     An interesting thing happened to me last Sunday. It was such a beautiful day that I decided to drive in the
country.
     On my way home, my car stopped. I was out of gasoline (汽油) on a road away from a town. I decided to walk 1_____ the road until I found someone who could sell me some gasoline.
     I had walked almost a mile before I finally found a big house near the road. I was 2_____ to see it
because it was getting dark.
     I 3_____ on the door and a"small" old lady with long white hair answered. She said, "I've been waiting
for you for a long time. Come in, please. I got 4_____ ready for you."
     "But I've come here only for some gasoline." I answered.I didn't know what she was talking 5_____. I
didn't understand her.
     "Oh, Tony! Gasoline? You used to love tea."
      I quickly explained that my car was out of gasoline, but she didn't seem to hear me. She just kept 6_____
me Tony and talking about how long it had been since she saw me. She was talking so 7_____ that I was
anxious (急着) to leave. As soon as she went to get the tea, I went out of the house as 8_____ as possible.
      I was so happy when I saw another house by the road. I was able to get some gasoline. When I told the
man about the old lady, he said,"Oh, that's Helen. She lives all by 9_____ in that big house She's strange, but
she wouldn't hurt 10_____. She is still waiting for the man she was going to marry twenty-five years ago.
The man was named Tony. The day before their wedding (婚礼), he went away and never came back.''
     I understood!
单项选择题