问题 填空题

A、B、C、D是元素周期表前四周期常见的四种元素,原子序数依次增大, 它们的相关结构和性质信息如下表所示,请结合相关信息,完成相关的问题:

元素相关结构和性质
AA为非金属元素,其一种单质是电的良导体,难熔、质软并有润滑性,可用作电极材料
B是蛋白质的组成元素之一,原子核外有三种不同能量的电子,且未成对电子数最多
C其单质既能与强酸溶液应又能与强碱溶液反应,其简单离子在第三周期单核离子中半径最小
DD的高价氯化物的盐溶液常用于印刷电路极电路的“刻蚀”
 

(1)D位于元素周期表第  周期第  族,其基态原子核外价电子排布式为               ;元素D的高价氯化物形成的盐溶液刻蚀印刷电路板电路所发生反应 的离子方程式为                      

(2)钠与B元素形成的Na3B晶体属于       晶体(填“分子”、“原子”、“离子”)。 分析B元素的气态氢化物极易溶于水的原因,除了因为它们均是极性分子之外,还因为                               

(3)元素A与元素B相比,非金属性较强的是         (用元素符号表示),可以作为判断两者非金属性强弱的依据的是        

a.常温下A的单质和B的单质状态不同

b.该两种原子形成的共价键中共用电子对的偏向

c.最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性强弱

d.单质与酸反应的难易程度

(4)已知毎5.4g元素C的单质可与元素D的低价氧化物反应,放出346.2kJ的热量。试写出该反应的热化学方程式:                                            

答案

(1) 四 (1分)     Ⅷ (1分)    3d64s2 (2分)    2Fe3++Cu =" 2" Fe2+ + Cu2+  (2分)

(2)离子 (2分)      NH3与H2O分子间可以形成氢键 (2分)

(3)  N  (1分)      b c  (2分)

(4)2Al(s) +3FeO(s) = Al2O3(s) + 3Fe (s) △H =" -3462" kJ/mol  (3分)

题目分析:由题干信息可知,A、B、C、D分别为C、N、Al、Fe。

(1)Fe位于周期表第四周期,第Ⅷ族,价电子排布式为3d64s2

(2)Na3N为离子晶体;NH3易溶于水主要原因是可以与水分子形成氢键;

(3)a、非金属性强弱与单质状态无关;错误

b、非金属性强的对电子对的吸引能力大,共用电子对则偏向该元素;正确

c、最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性越强则非金属性越强,正确

d、非金属性强弱与酸反应难易无关,错误。

(4)热化学反应方程式的书写,注意物质的状态。

阅读理解

Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York,So I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.

The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay, ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?

Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.

I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.

I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

小题1:Why did Delta give the author's family credits?

A.They took a later flight.

B.They had early bookings.

C.Their flight had been delayed.

D.Their flight had been cancelled.小题2:What can we learn about the author?

A.She rarely misses a good deal.

B.She seldom makes a compromise(妥协).

C.She is very strict with her children.

D.She is interested in cheap products.小题3:What does the author do?

A.She's a teacher.

B.She's a housewife.

C.She's a media person.

D.She's a businesswoman.小题4:What does the author want to tell us?

A.How to expose bad tricks.

B.How to reserve airline seats.

C.How to spend money wisely.

D.How to make a business deal.

问答题 简答题