问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题:

20世纪70年代,国际形势发生重大变化,正如斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中所述:“一个崭新的世界政治格局开始出现。……欧洲不再是世界棋盘上的一个卒子……或两个卒子,东欧和西欧;中国也不再是苏联的卫星国或地位较低的伙伴。……对最近的将来来说,更有可能出现的不是一个由自治的区域集团组成的世界,而是一个由若干传统的大国势力范围组成的世界。”

(1)“一个崭新的世界政治格局开始出现”的含义是什么?

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(2)结合史实说明,西欧是如何摆脱“卒子”地位的?

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(3)对将要形成的世界格局,斯塔夫里阿诺斯认为“更有可能出现的不是一个由自治的区域集团组成的世界,而是一个由若干传统的大国势力范围组成的世界。”你是否认同这一观点?并结合史实说明理由。

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答案

(1)两极格局受到冲击,多极化趋势开始显现。

(2)西欧各国致力于恢复发展经济,增强国力;各国加强合作,建立欧洲共同体;随着实力的增强,欧共体国家推行独立自主的外交政策,逐步摆脱美国控制。

(3)认同说:当今世界多极化趋势的加强,主要表现为若干大国实力和影响的增强,并在国际舞台上共同发挥重要的作用。如美、欧、俄、日、中等都有可能成为多极格局中的一极。

不认同说:虽然当今世界还是大国在国际事务中起主导作用,但区域集团组织在推动和平衡多极化格局中正在发挥、也必将发挥越来越重要的作用。如欧盟的崛起必将成为多极格局中的一支重要力量。

单项选择题

Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radio activity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can he irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can()

A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately

B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later

C. affect the healthy growth of our offspring

D. all of the above

单项选择题