问题 填空题

A、B、C、D、E都是短周期元素,原子序数依次增大,B、C同周期,A、D同主族。A、C能形成两种液态化合物甲和乙,原子个数比分别为2∶1和1∶1,E 是地壳中含量最高的金属元素。根据以上信息回答下列问题:

⑴甲、乙两分子中含有非极性共价键的物质的电子式是_________,E离子的电子排布式为____________,C原子的电子排布图为         ,D原子的原子结构示意图为_______ 

(2)B的氢化物的沸点高于同主族元素氢化物的沸点,原因是_____________,该氢化物的电子式为_______,中心原子的杂化方式为  _______,分子的立体构型为_______。

(3)DCA与E的最高价氧化物的水化物相互反应的离子方程式                   

(4)根据对角线规则,Be与E性质相似,写出Be与DCA溶液反应的离子方程式______________________

(5)若要说明非金属元素X比元素Y(X、Y均为非稀有气体元素)的非金属性强,则下列方法正确的是__________(填序号)。

①X单质可以把Y从其氢化物中置换出来

②X原子的最外层电子数比Y原子的最外层电子数多

③X的氧化物的水化物的酸性比Y的氧化物的水化物的酸性强

④与H2化合时X单质比Y单质容易

⑤电负性:X>Y

答案

(1分)    1s22s22p6(1分)    1s22s22p4(1分)  (1分)

(2)B(NH3)的氢化物分子间存在分子间氢键(1分);1分);SP3(1分) ;三角锥形(1分)

(3)OH-+Al(OH)3=AlO2-+2H2O(2分)

(4)Be+2OH=BeO22-+H2↑(2分)

(5)①④⑤(2分)

题目分析:A、B、C、D、E都是短周期元素,原子序数依次增大,A、C能形成两种液态化合物甲和乙,形成的化合物是水和双氧水,原子个数比分别为2:1和1:1,则A是H元素,C是O元素,E是地壳中含量最多的金属元素,则E是Al元素。又因为B、C同周期,A、D同主族,故D为钠元素。(1)含有非极性共价键的分子为双氧水,E离子为Al3+,其电子排布式为1s22s22p6。C为氧元素,D为钠元素。(2)因为氨分子之间含有氢键,氨含有3个σ键,一对孤对电子,故为sp3杂化。三角锥形。(3)DCA与E的最高价氧化物的水化物相互反应即为NaOH与Al(OH)3的反应。离子反应方程为OH-+Al(OH)3=AlO2-+2H2O。(4)根据Be与E性质相似,故与Al的性质相似,即具有两性,故离子反应方式为Be+2OH=BeO22-+H2↑(5)非金属性强弱比较可根据以下几点:①与氢气化合越容易(条件简单、现象明显),气态氢化物越稳定,元素非金属性越强。 ②最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性越强,元素的非金属性越强。 ③相互间置换反应,非金属性强的置换弱的。 ④与变价金属反应时,金属所呈价态越高,非金属性越强(将金属氧化成高价的为非金属性强的单质,氧化成低价的为非金属性弱的单质) ⑤电解时,在阳极先产生的单质为非金属性弱的单质(阴离子还原性强的为非金属性弱,还原性弱的为非金属性强)。故选 ①④⑤。

完形填空

短文填空 阅读下则短文,然后在空白处写出适当的单词,单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化!] (共12个空,做对一个得1分,共10分)

Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t 小题1:u       them. They often think their parents are too strict 小题2:w       them.

Parents often find it difficult to win their 小题3:c       trust, and they seem to forget how they themselves felt when they were young.

For example, young people like to do things without much小题4:t      . It’s one of their ways to show that they grow up and they can solve any difficult小题5:p      . But older people always think小题6:m       than young people. Most of them plan things ahead and don’t like their plans to be 小题7:c      , so when you want your parents to let you do something, you will succeed easily if you ask before you really start doing it.

Young people often make their parents angry by the 小题8:c       they wear, the music they enjoy and something else. But they don’t mean to cause any trouble. They just want to be cut off(摆脱) from the old people’s world and they are 小题9:t       to make a new culture of their own. And if their parents don’t like their music or clothes or their ways of speech, the young people feel very sad. Sometimes instead of going out with their parents, they just want to stay at home小题10:a       and do what they like.

If you plan to do something, you’d小题11:b       win your parents over and get them to understand you, if so, your parents will certainly let you do 小题12:w       you want to do.

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