问题 实验题

下图表示达尔文的自然选择学说对长颈鹿进化历程的解释,据图回答下列问题:

(1)图1所示的长颈鹿个体颈的长短不同,有的长,有的短,这种个体之间性状上的差异称为          ,这些差异是可             的。

(2)图2所示的现象叫做              

(3)食物在决定长颈鹿个体生存和淘汰的过程中起到了              作用。

(4)由上可知,生物只有通过                   ,才能够不断进化。

答案

(1) 变异   , 遗传     。(2) 生存斗争     。

(3) 选择      。(4) 遗传、变异和自然选择

题目分析:古代的长颈鹿有的颈长些,有的颈短些,这是生物的变异现象,这些变异是遗传物质改变引起的,因此这些性状是可以遗传的,在食物不足的情况下,颈长些的能够吃到高处的树叶,就容易生存下去,并且繁殖后代,这是适者生存,四肢和颈短的个体,吃不到高处的树叶,导致营养不良,体质虚弱,本身活下来的可能性很小,留下后代的就会就更小,甚至死亡,这是不适者被淘汰,经过许多代后颈短些的长颈鹿就被淘汰了,达尔文认为,在激烈的生存斗争中,具有有利变异的个体,容易在生存斗争中获胜而生存下去,反之,具有不利变异的个体,则容易在生存斗争中失败而死亡,这就是说自然界中的生物,经过激烈的生存斗争,适应者生存下来,不适应者被淘汰,生物的进化是在遗传、变异的基础上进行自然选择的结果。

点评:此题较新颖,难度一般,解答此类题目的关键是理解自然选择的过程特点.达尔文关于长颈鹿进化过程的解释:变异→环境选择→适者生存。

单项选择题
单项选择题

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. (1) you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to (2) down. But relaxation is (3) for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a (4) part of everyday life and there is no way to (5) it. In fact,it is not the bad thing that it is often supposed to be. A (6) amount of stress is important to provide motivation and give (7) to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control (8) it can lead to poor performance and (9) health.The amount of stress a person can bear(10) very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such (11) are obviously chief material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at first (12) of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in (13) form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we (14) a choice between escape and fight. But in more ancient days they made the (15) between life and death. The crises (危机)we meet today are (16) to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it requires the same response. It is when such a reaction (17) long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes (18) .Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have (19) links with stress. (20) we canno! remove stress from our lives we need to find ways to deal with it.It would be unwise to do so even it we could.So what do you think of stressWhat is your way to deal with it.

第(5)空应选择()

A.tolerate

B.solve

C.avoid

D.accept