问题 选择题

在以下生物的特点中,是人工选择结果是(  )

A.蛋鸡每年下蛋200多枚

B.一条雌蛔虫每天产卵20多万粒

C.长颈鹿颈长,腿长

D.鸵鸟有一对退化的翅膀

答案

答案:A

题目分析:人工选择是在不同的饲养条件下,原始祖先产生了许多变异,人们根据各自的爱好对不同的变异个体进行选择.经过若干年的选择,使选择的性状积累加强,最后形成不同的新品种.如鸡的品种不同人们根据自己的喜好和需求进行选择的结果.自然界中的生物,通过激烈的生存斗争,适应者生存下来,不适应者被淘汰掉,这就是自然选择;长颈鹿的颈很长,是在长期的生存斗争中自然选择的结果.A.鸡的新品种的形成是由于原鸡在不同的环境条件下,产生了许多变异个体,并能遗传下去.人们根据各自的爱好和需求通过人工选择,对具有不同变异的鸡逐渐选择,经过若干年的选择、淘汰、培育,使所选择的形状积累加强,最后选育出不同的品种.因此,蛋鸡每年下蛋200多枚是人工选择的结果.故符合题意;B.蛔虫寄生在小肠内,成活率较低,一条雌蛔虫每天产卵20多万粒,是蛔虫为了提高后代的成活率,是对寄生生活的一种适应,是长期自然选择的结果.故不符合题意.C.生物界普遍存在变异,古代的长颈鹿存在着颈长和颈短、前肢长和前肢短的变异,这些变异是可以遗传的,前肢和颈长的能够吃到高处的树叶,就容易生存下去,并且繁殖后代;前肢和颈短的个体,吃不到高处的树叶,当环境改变食物缺少时,就会因吃不到足够的树叶而导致营养不良,体质虚弱,本身活下来的可能性很小,留下后代的就会更小,经过许多代以后,前肢和颈短的长颈鹿就被淘汰了,这样,长颈鹿一代代的进化下去,就成了今天我们看到的长颈鹿.因此长颈鹿的颈长、腿长的形成就是长期自然选择的结果.故不符合题意;D.由于沙漠上风很大,不利于飞翔,导致鸵鸟有一对退化的翅膀,是鸵鸟长期适应沙漠环境的结果,如果它们不能适应环境的话,就已经被自然界所淘汰了.因此,鸵鸟有一对退化的翅膀是长期自然选择的结果.故不符合题意.故选A

完形填空
As a child, I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost; these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange  26  things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that 27  me so much. There was never total  28 , but a streetlight or passing car lights  29   clothes hung over a chair take on(呈现) the  30  of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my 31 , I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no  32 . A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than in the daylight. My  33  would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would  34  very still so that the “enemy” would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost,  35 on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home .That was no  36 . After school, 37 , when all the buses were  38  up along the street, I was afraid that I’d get on the wrong one and be taken to some  39  neighborhood. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my 40 .
Perhaps one of the worst fears  41  all I had as a child was that of not being liked or  42  by others. Being popular was so important to me  43 , and the fear of not being liked was a 44  one.
One of the processes(过程) of growing up is being able to  45  and overcome(克服) our fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
小题1:
A.wayB.timeC.placeD.reason
小题2:
A.woundedB.destroyedC.surprisedD.frightened
小题3:
A.quietnessB.darknessC.emptinessD.loneliness
小题4:
A.gotB.forcedC.madeD.caused
小题5:
A.spiritB.heightC.bodyD.shape
小题6:
A.eyeB.windowC.mouthD.door
小题7:
A.breathB.windC.airD.sound
小题8:
A.beliefB.feelingC.imaginationD.doubt
小题9:
A.layB.hideC.restD.lie
小题10:
A.especiallyB.simplyC.probablyD.directly
小题11:
A.discussionB.problemC.jokeD.matter
小题12:
A.howeverB.yetC.althoughD.still
小题13:
A.calledB.backedC.linedD.packed
小题14:
A.oldB.crowdedC.poorD.unfamiliar
小题15:
A.sightB.mindC.orderD.task
小题16:
A.aboveB.inC.ofD.at
小题17:
A.protectedB.guidedC.believedD.accepted
小题18:
A.thenB.thereC.onceD.anyway
小题19:
A.strictB.powerfulC.heavyD.right
小题20:
A.formB.rememberC.recognizeD.recover
单项选择题