问题 填空题

根据下 * * 种元素的第一至第四电离能数据(单位: kJ·mol-1),回答下列各题:

元素代号I1I2I3I4
Q2 0804 0006 1009 400
R4964 5626 9129 543
S7381 4517 73310 540
T5781 8172 74511 575
U4203 1004 4005 900
 

(1)在周期表中,最可能处于同一族的是________。

A.Q和R      B.S和T     C.T和U     D.R和T  E.R和U

(2)下列离子的氧化性最弱的是________。

A.S2     B.R2     C.T3     D.U

(3)下列元素中,化学性质和物理性质最像Q元素的是____。

A.硼     B.铍      C.氦      D.氢

(4)每种元素都出现相邻两个电离能的数据相差较大的情况,这一事实从一个侧面说明:______,如果U元素是短周期元素,你估计它的第2次电离能飞跃数据将发生在失去第_____个电子时。

(5)如果R、S、T是同周期的三种主族元素,则它们的原子序数由小到大的顺序是________,其中元素________的第一电离能异常高的原因是__________________。

答案

(1)E   (2)D    (3)C   (4)电子层分布,各能层能量不同;10

(5)R<S<T;S;S元素的最外层电子处于s能级全充满状态,能量较低,比较稳定,失去一个电子吸收的能量较多

题目分析:由元素的电离能可以看出,Q的电离能很大,可能为零族元素,R和U的第一电离能较小,第二电离能剧增,故表现+1价,最外层电子数为1,二者位于同一族,S的第一、第二电离能较小,第三电离能剧增,故表现+2价,最外层电子数为2,T的第一、第二、第三电离能较小,第四电离能剧增,表现+3价,最外层电子数为3,则

(1)由上述分析可知,R和U的第一电离能较小,第二电离能剧增,故表现+1价,最外层电子数为1,二者位于同一族,故答案为:E;

(2)离子的氧化性越弱,则其对应的电离能越小。由表中数据看出U的第一电离能为420 kJ•mol-1,数值最小,故U+氧化性最弱,因此答案为:D;

(3)由表中数据可知,Q元素各电离能都较大,而且各电离能之间无太大差距,故Q最可能为稀有气体元素,化学性质和物理性质最像氦,所以答案为:C;

(4)相邻两个电离能数据相差较大,从一个侧面说明核外电子分层排布的,且各能层能量不同。若U为短周期元素,据表中数据第一次电离能飞跃是失去第2个电子时,可推知U在ⅠA族,则第二次电离能飞跃是在失去第10个电子时发生的,故答案为:电子分层排布,且各能层能量不同;10;

(5)由上述分析可知,R最外层电子数为1,S的最外层电子数为2,T的最外层电子数为3。R、S、T若是同周期的三种主族元素,则它们的原子序数由小到大的顺序是R<S<T。其中由于S元素的最外层电子处于s能级全充满状态,能量较低,比较稳定,失去一个电子吸收的能量较多,因此第一电离能异常高,故答案为:R<S<T,S,S元素的最外层电子处于s能级全充满状态,能量较低,比较稳定,失去一个电子吸收的能量较多。

阅读理解

In today’s world, so many people like traveling around the world. Traveling abroad can be expensive, but there are some ways of visiting Britain cheaply. So we hope  we can give you some good ideas.

If you don’t go there in the busy months—July and August, your visit may be cheaper. There will be fewer visitors. The weather in Britain can be pleasant from April to the end of September. Of course  you can go there in winter, but it is often dark by 4 pm. Many places, such as large houses and castles(城堡)are closed in winter. However, if you are interested in museums, art galleries(画廊) or theaters, winter may be the good time to visit.

If you are a student, it is a good idea to apply for (申请) an International Student Identify Card. With the card, you can save a lot of money. You can get the card from your local (当地的)student travel office, and you can also call (44)08708 413224 to get it. To get the card, you need to show that you are a student, get a passport photo, and pay for a little money.

小题1:If you want to visit ____, it is not the good time to visit Britain in winter.

A.museums

B.castles

C.art galleries

D.some places小题2: Which of the following is not true?

A.There are many visitors in July in Britain.

B.Days are very long in winter in Britain.

C.Many museums are not closed in winter.

D.Only student can get the International Student Identify Card.小题3: A student without an International Student Identify Card may______.

A.get a little money.

B.watch TV at home.

C.spend more money.

D.save a lot of money.小题4: Which of the following is the best title?

A.How to have a cheaper trip in Britain.

B.How to travel to Britain.

C.When to travel to Britain.

D.Why to travel to Britain.

单项选择题 A1型题