问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 俄罗斯前 * * 普利马科夫日前在此间表示,当今世界正超多极化方向发展,由一国指挥世界的做法是不可接受的。他说,当世界的两极体系不复存在时,人类应当走向一个以个中心为依托的多极世界,目前的世界正在朝着这个方向发展。但是,最近又出现了走向单极世界的倾向——有一个大国企图指挥世界,这是不能接受的。

材料二 在谈到地区冲突时,普利马科夫认为,这种冲突现已同国际恐怖主义错综复杂地交织在一起,使冲突的解决变得更加困难,从而使世界面临新的危险。他说,车臣问题不是一个孤立的现象,当地的恐怖分子和分离主义者得到外部的支持。

——材料一、二均摘自新华社索菲亚2000年4月24日电

材料三 在20世纪的最后10年中,世界事务发生了结构性的变化。一个非欧亚大陆国家破天荒第一次不仅是作为欧洲大陆大国关系的主要仲裁者,而且也是作为世界上首屈一指的大国出现了。苏联的失败和崩溃是一个西半球大国美国迅速上升为唯一的而且的确也是第一个真正的全球性大国的进程中的最后一步。

——布热津斯基《大棋局》

请回答:

(1)分析材料一,“最近又出现了走向单极世界的倾向”具体指什么?(2分)结合所学回答世界的两极体系是怎样形成的?(3分)

(2)概括材料二中所说的“世界面临新的威胁”。(2分)对待这一问题我国是怎样做的?(2分)

(3)材料三中说“在20世纪的最后10年中,世界事务发生了结构性的变化”,其结构性的变化有哪些?(6分)

答案

(1)美国主导的单极世界(企图称霸世界)。(2分)二战后形成美、苏两大势力主宰世界的“雅尔塔体系。”美国凭借大战中膨胀起来的政治、经济和军事实力,力图称霸全球,遏制 * * 主义,为此对社会主义国家推行“冷战”政策,先后出台了“杜鲁门主义”“马歇尔计划”并组织“北约”,苏联采取一系列针锋相对的措施,联合东欧国家于1955年成立“华约”组织。(3分)

(2)威胁:地区冲突;恐怖主义、民族分离主义。(2分)

我国的做法:对地区冲突,一是积极参加联合国和其他国际组织的活动,奉行和平外交政策,为谋求重大国际问题和地区热点问题能够公正合理地解决做出积极的努力(如两伊战争,柬埔寨问题);二是重视维和领域的工作,派出维和部队。(2分)

(3)东欧剧变,苏联解体,两极格局结束,俄罗斯取代了苏联的地位;美国成为唯一的超级大国,极力构筑以自己为主导的单极世界;欧盟成立;以中国为代表的第三世界积极建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序,日本也主动参与国际事务,加快谋求政治大国地位的步伐;整个世界向多极化方向发展。(6分)

本题考查的是二战之后国际关系的变化。回答第1问时注意结合苏联解体之后美国的态度以及“雅尔塔体系”的形成、美苏冷战;回答第2小问时注意联系我国改革开放以来在维护世界和平、促进共同发展方面的做法;回答第3小问时可从世界格局的多极化趋势入手分析。

单项选择题
阅读理解

III. Reading Comprehension 40%

Section A 30%

Directions:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Riding was the favourite activity of Thomas Jefferson, who was the third President of the United States. He usually rode good horses.

One day, he was riding outside Washington, when a jockey (赛马师) came near. He did not know the President, but his professional eye was attracted by Mr. Jefferson’s horse. He stopped and said that he wanted to buy the horse, but Mr. Jefferson politely refused his offer.

The jockey offered more money for the horse, because the closer he looked at the horse, the more he liked it. All of his offers were refused, which made him angry. He then became rude, but his rudeness left as little an impression as his money, for Jefferson had a very good temper. At last, he hit Mr. Jefferson’s horse with his whip, getting it to run suddenly. This would have thrown a less skillful rider to the ground, but Jefferson stayed on his seat, and controlled his horse well.

The jockey then gave up. He rode with Mr. Jefferson side by side and began to talk with him about politics. Jefferson joined in the conversation. When they got into the city and came close to the gate of the presidential mansion (总统府), Mr. Jefferson stopped, and politely invited the man to enter.

The jockey was surprised and asked, “Why? Do you live here?”

“Yes” was the simple reply.

“Why, stranger, what’s your name?”

“My name is Thomas Jefferson.”

Embarrassed, the man quickly left, while the President looked at him with a smile and then rode through the gate.

1. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Jefferson and the Jockey   B. Jefferson’s Interest

C. Be Polite to Everyone     D. No Pain, No Gain

2. Which word can best describe the jockey?

A. Professional.     B. Skillful.      C. Impatient.       D. Impolite.

3. The underlined word “embarrassed” can be replaced by “__________”.

A. worried           B. pleased       C. hurried         D. ashamed

4. We can infer from the passage that __________.

A. the jockey had once bought a horse from another stranger

B. Mr. Jefferson was very good at riding a horse

C. Mr. Jefferson would invite the jockey to his own house later

D. the jockey would not talk about this experience to others

5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?

A. The President of the US is fond of riding.

B. The jockey managed to buy the horse from Mr. Jefferson.

C. Mr. Jefferson, the third President of the United States, was a man of good manners.

D. All the presidents of the US have expensive horses.