问题 填空题

写出下列反应的化学方程式:

葡萄糖与银氨溶液反应:                                              

葡萄糖与新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液共热:                                       

葡萄糖在动物体内发生的氧化反应:                                     

果糖与氢气在催化剂作用下的还原反应:                                

纤维素跟浓HNO3、浓H2SO4的混合物反应:                              

淀粉用发酵法制酒精:                                                

答案

(1)CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH CH2OH­—(CHOH)4—COOH+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O

(2)CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH2OH—(CHOH)4—COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O

(3)CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+6O2 6CO2+6H2O

(4)CH2OH­—(CHOH)3—CO—CH2OH+H2 CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CH2OH

(5) +3nHO—NO2 +3nH2O

(6)(C6H10O5)n+nH2O nC6H2O6      C8H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2

考查常见化学方程式的书写。

(1)葡萄糖中含有醛基,能发生银镜反应,反应的方程式是CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH CH2OH­—(CHOH)4—COOH+2Ag↓+4NH3+H2O。

(2)醛基也能被新制的氢氧化铜悬浊液氧化,反应的方程式是

CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH2OH—(CHOH)4—COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O。

(3)葡萄糖在动物体内发生的氧化反应生成CO2和水,反应的方程式是CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CHO+6O2 6CO2+6H2O。

(4)果糖中含有羰基,能和氢气发生加成反应,反应的方程式是CH2OH­—(CHOH)3—CO—CH2OH+H2 CH2OH—(CHOH)4—CH2OH。

(5)纤维素中含有醇羟基,能发生酯化反应,反应的方程式是

 +3nHO—NO2 +3nH2O。

(6)淀粉用发酵法制酒精的方程式依次是(C6H10O5)n+nH2O nC6H2O6

C8H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2↑。

判断题
阅读理解

Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends. They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain. So they can help each other. But neither of them likes to use his head. They're both poor though they work hard. Most villagers have built new houses, but they still live in the low and broken houses. They never find out why.

Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife. In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive. He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back. They decided to carry some apples to the city. They borrowed some money from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor(拖拉机). Bad luck! A lot of apples had already been carried there when they arrived. A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格)。They felt unhappy and returned to their   village.

"I can't understand why we sustained (蒙受) losses in business while others always profit (盈利)" Uncle Li asked one day. "The tractor was too small " Uncle Wang said without thinking. "We'll carry more apples on a truck next time!" "I agree!" said Uncle Li.

How foolish they were !

小题1:Uncle Li and Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because __________.

A.they hope to save money

B.they're both poor

C.their farms are at the foot of the mountain

D.they're not far from their farms小题2:The two farmers carried the apples to the city to _________.

A.make a journey

B.visit some places of interest

C.meet their friends

D.make a profit小题3:the two farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because ________.

A.theirs weren't as good as the others'

B.theirs were much less than the others'

C.a lot of apples had been already carried to the city

D.they forgot to carry them on a truck