问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《约法三章》一文,完成小题。(14分)

汉元年十月(1),沛公兵遂先诸侯至霸上(2)。秦王子婴素车白马,系颈以组(3),封皇帝玺符节,降枳道旁。诸将或言诛秦王。沛公曰:“始怀王(4)遣我固以能宽容且人已服降,又杀之,不祥。”乃以秦王属吏,遂西入咸阳,欲止宫休舍。樊哙、张良谏,乃封秦重宝财物府库,还军霸上,召诸县父老豪杰曰:“父老苦秦苛法久矣,诽谤者族(5),偶语者弃市(6)。吾与诸侯约,先入关者王之(7)。吾当王关中。与父老约法三章耳:杀人者死,伤人及盗抵罪。余悉除去秦法。诸吏人皆案堵如故(8)。凡吾所以来,为父老除害,非有所侵暴,无恐!吾所以还军霸上,待诸侯至而定约束耳。”乃使人与秦吏行县乡邑,告谕之。秦人大喜,争持牛羊酒食献饷军士。沛公又让不受,曰:“仓粟多,非乏,不欲费人。”人又益喜,唯恐沛公不为秦王。

[注](1)汉元年:指刘邦被封为汉王后的第一年,即公元前206年。(2)沛公:即汉高祖刘邦。霸上;古地名。(3)组:绳索。(4)怀王:即楚怀王。(5)族:灭族,杀害违犯者及其亲属。(6)偶语:相对私语。弃市:古代在闹市执行死刑,并将尸体暴露在街头,称为弃市。(7)关:指函谷关,古代要塞、天险。(8)吏人:指当时的大、小官员。案堵:同“安堵”,即安定。

小题1:(1)解释下列句中划线的文言字词。(4分)

①诸将言诛秦王___________   ②父老秦苛法久矣______    ___

③诸吏人皆案堵如___________ ④人又喜______    _____

(2)下列各句与例句中“以”的用法相同的一项是(2分)

例句:系颈以组

A.不以物喜(《岳阳楼记》)

B.醒能述以文者(《醉翁亭记》 )

C.我以日始出时去人近(《两小儿辩日》)

D.以啮人,无御之者(《捕蛇者说》)小题2:用“/”给文中画线的句子断句(两处)。(2分)

始怀王遣我固以能宽容且人已服降

小题3:把下面的句子译成现代文。(4分)

(1)吾所以还军霸上,待诸侯至而定约束耳。

(2)悍吏之来吾乡,叫嚣乎东西,隳突乎南北。

小题4:楚汉战争,刘邦最终赢得了胜利,请你就此文分析他取得胜利的原因。(2分)

答案

小题1:(1)①有人②苦于;以……为苦 ③原来 ④更加(2)B

小题1:始怀王遣我/固以能宽容/且人已服降

小题1:(1)我把军队撤回霸上的原因,是想等着各路诸侯到来,共同制定一个规约。(2)略

小题1:占据关中有利的地理位置;礼贤下士,听人劝告,不贪图享受;约法三章,取得关中人心

小题1:(1)本题考查学生理解文言词语意思的能力。理解文言词语意思的时候,除了要根据具体的语境,还要注意一些字的特殊用法,比如“苦”这个字,就应该理解为“以-----为苦”的意思。

(2)本题考查学生理解文言词语意思的能力。A、因为,B、用,C、认为,D、如果,例句中的“以”为“用”的意思,所以选“B”项。

小题1:本题考查学生划分文言句子节奏的能力。划分句子节奏时,除了要注意句子的意思外,还要注意句子的结构。

小题1:本题考查学生翻译文言语句的能力。翻译句子时,除了要注意“所以、还、约束、之、叫嚣、隳突”等重点字,有时还要补充出句子的省略成份,同时还要保证整个句子的完整性与准确性。

小题1:本题考查学生分析文章内容的能力。从“地理位置、对待人才、纳谏、纪律、民心”等角度来分析其取得胜利的原因。

完形填空

完形填空 (共10小题,每小题2分,满分20分)

Before the 29th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.

Today the car is the most popular sort of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely    41   the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their cars for nearly 90 percent of all personal    42  .

Most Americans are able to buy cars. The average price of a    43   made car was $ 2,500 in 1950, $ 2,740 in 1960 and up to $ 4,750 in 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about    44   their products. As a result, the yearly income of the average family increased from 1950 to 1975   45   than the price of cars. For this reason purchasing a new car takes a smaller    46   of a family’s total earnings today.

In 1951 proportionally it took 8.1 months of an average family’s    47   to buy a new car. By 1975 it only took 4.75    48    income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically superior to models from previous years.

The    49   of the automobile extends throughout the economy as the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money    50   their cars running than on any other item.

41. A. denied        B. reproduced           C. replaced                  D. repeated

42. A. trip             B. works                 C. business                  D. travel

43. A. quickly        B. regularly                C. rapidly                      D. recently

44. A. raising        B. making                   C. reducing                  D. improving

45. A. slower        B. equal                     C. faster                     D. less

46. A. part             B. half                       C. number                  D. side

47. A. income        B. work                      C. plan                       D. debts

48. A. months’             B. dollar’s                  C. family                 D. year

49. A. running             B. notice                 C. influence                D. discussion

50. A. starting        B. leaving                   C. keeping                  D. repairing

单项选择题