问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成题目。

司马朗传

司马朗字伯达,河内温人也。九岁,人有道其父字者,朗曰:“慢人亲者,不敬其亲者也。”客谢之。十二,试经为童子郎,监试者以其身体壮大,疑朗匿年,劾问。朗曰:“朗之内外,累世长大,朗虽稚弱,无仰高之风,损年以求早成,非志所为也。”监试者异之。后关东兵起,故冀州刺史李邵家居野王,近山险,欲徙居温。朗谓邵曰:“唇齿之喻,岂唯虞、虢,温与野王即是也;今去彼而居此,是为避朝亡之期耳。且君,国人之望也,今寇未至而先徒,带山之县必驻,是摇动民之心而开 * * 宄之原也,窃为郡内忧之。”邵不从。边山之民果乱,内徒,或为寇钞

年二十二,太祖辟为司空掾属,除成皋令,以病去,复为堂阳长。其治务宽惠,不行鞭杖,而民不犯禁。迁充州刺史,政化大行,百姓称之。虽在军旅,常粗衣恶食,俭以率下。建安二十二年,与夏侯悖、藏霸等征吴。到居巢,军士大疫,朗躬巡视,致医药。遇疾卒,时年四十七。                             (节选自《三国志 魏志 司马郎传》)

【注释】①宄(guǐ):坏人。②钞:掠夺。

小题1:下列句子中划线的词解释错误的一项是(3分)

A.疑朗年(隐瞒)

B.监试者之(奇特、奇异)

C.为郡内忧之(私下)

D.客之(道歉)小题2:下列句子中划线的词意思相同的两项是(4分)

A.监试者其身体壮大托臣讨贼兴复之效

B.今寇未至先徒此可以为援不可图也

C.在军旅,常粗衣恶食,俭以率下千里不敢易也,岂直五百里哉

D.太祖辟司空掾属贤能之用小题3:用现代汉语写出下列句子的意思。(4分)

(1)慢人亲者,不敬其亲者也。

(2)其治务宽惠,不行鞭杖,而民不犯禁。

小题4:结合文意,请你对司马朗这个人物作简要评价。(4分)

答案

小题1:B

小题1:B  C

小题1:①不尊重别人的父母,也就等于不尊重自己的父母。②他治理地方政策宽厚仁惠,不用鞭、杖等刑罚,百姓也不犯法。(4分。每句2分。有欠缺酌扣)

小题1:示例:司马朗少年时即能从容应对质疑,初露才华;执政不靠刑罚而靠宽厚仁慈,百姓照样不犯法,很有人格魅力;当军队出现瘟疫时,司马朗能体恤下属,亲自为军士送医送药。

小题1:题目分析:B项中的“异”应译作“认为……奇特、奇异”,是文言文中的重点字,如《桃花源记》中的“渔人甚异之”。

点评:做课外文言文的词语解释题,一定要牢记课外考查看课内的原则。用心想一想,都能在课内找到这此词的影子,这样词语就不难解释了。但是平时要有一定的文言知识积累,一些文言词语的常规用法是必须知道的。

小题1:题目分析:A中的第一个“以”作连词,解释为“因为”;第二个“以”作介词,解释为“把”。 B中的两个“而”都表转折关系,解释为“却”。C中的两个“虽”都表假设关系,解释为“即使”。D中的第一个“为”作动词,解释为“做”;第二个“为”作“介词”解释为“被”。

点评:平时学习中,对于文言虚词、多义词要多加比较,知道它有几个意思,并分别举出例句,积累下来。遇到多义的文言虚词、实词后一定要加以联想,想一想在其它句子中该词是什么意思,这样熟能生巧。考试时再遇到就可以轻而易举地区别开了。

小题1:题目分析:翻译时要注意,关键词语的意思必须要落实。此句中的关键词有“慢”“宽惠”‘而’等。“慢”是不尊重的意思,“宽惠”是宽厚仁惠意思,‘而’是表转折,译为“却”。连缀起来,语意通顺即可。

点评:翻译文言语句是文言文阅读的必考题。文言语句的翻译一般有两种方法,直译和意译,中考时常采用直译。直译讲究字字落实,特别是关键词语的意思必须要呈现出来。文言语句的翻译首先要知道文言词语的意思,当然课外的文言语句翻译时,放到语境中,根据上下文推断也不失是一种较好的方法。

小题1:题目分析:从第一段中的"九岁,人有道其父字者,朗曰:“慢人亲者,不敬其亲者也。”“朗曰:‘朗之内外,累世长大,朗虽稚弱,无仰高之风,损年以求早成,非志所为也’”可知,表明他才思敏捷,少有才华;“劝告李邵”可见他有远见有头脑。从第二段可知,他宽厚仁慈、体恤下属。

点评:分析一个人的形象时,一定要根据文章内容、人物的言行举止来整体感知的。概括时要做到既全面,又要突出重点。评价要扣住人物的特点,且要有具体材料。

阅读理解

DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV proprammes show people how to DIY.

English people like DIY. There is a saying in UK –“An Englishman’s home is his castle”. Huge numbers of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful “castles”. If there is anything that needs fixing around their houses, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experiences with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn at present, many people can not afford to buy a bigger house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular.

DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to put together themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions. Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions, many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don’t care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.

Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew. Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.

小题1:How do many English people spend their holidays according to the passage?

A.    Making their homes beautiful.   B. Visiting their friends.

B.    Travelling all over the world.   D. Making a lot of money.

小题2:Why do English people like DIY?

A.Many stores sell DIY things.

B.DIY can bring them fun.

C.TV programmes teach them to DIY

D.All DIY projects are easy.小题3:What can we learn from the passage?

A.    DIY is a waste of money.   B. It is always difficult to DIY.

B.    We should be careful while doing DIY.   D. It’s very safe for us to DIY

小题4:In the passage, “we bite off more than we can chew” probably means ___________.

A.we can eat everything we like

B.we should do something difficult

C.we do something that is too difficult

D.we eat too much food that is not safe

判断题