问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文言,回答问题。(15分)

(甲)晏子至,楚王赐晏子酒,酒酣,吏二缚一人诣王。王曰:“缚者曷为者也?”对曰:“齐人也,坐盗。”王视晏子曰:“齐人固善盗乎?”晏子避席对曰:“婴闻之,橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。所以然者何?水土异也。今民生长于齐不盗,入楚则盗,得无楚之水土使民善盗耶?”王笑曰:“圣人非所与熙也,寡人反取病焉。”

(乙)景公好弋①,使烛邹主②鸟而亡之。公怒,召吏欲杀之。晏子曰:“烛邹之罪有三,请数之以其罪而杀之。”公曰:“可。”于是召而数之公前。曰:“烛邹!汝为吾君主鸟而亡之,是罪一也;使吾君以鸟之故杀人,是罪二也;使诸侯闻之,以吾君重鸟而轻士,是罪三也。数烛邹已毕,请杀之。”公曰:“勿杀!寡人闻命矣。”       (节选自《晏子春秋》)

[注]①弋:用带有绳子的箭射。②主:掌管,主持。

小题1:解释下列句子中划线的词。(4分)

(1)束二缚一人                  (2)其实味不同                 

(3)使烛邹主鸟而                (4)使吾君以鸟之杀人                 

小题2:将下列文言语句翻译成现代汉语。(4分)

(1)圣人非所与熙也,寡人反取病焉。

译文:                                                                            

(2)使诸侯闻之,以吾君重鸟而轻士,是罪三也。

译文:                                                                            

小题3: 阅读两文,回答问题。(3分)

甲文通过“                    ”这句富有侮辱性的话,表现了楚王的傲慢无礼;乙文通过“勿杀!寡人闻命矣”这句话,表现了景公的                   ;甲乙两文则共同表现了晏子的                           

小题4:请结合甲乙两文的内容,分别分析晏子的语言技巧及其效果。(4分)

                                                                                  

                                                                                  

答案

小题1:(1)诣:到(2)其实:它们果实(3)亡:丢失(4)故:原因,缘故 

小题1:(1)圣人是不可以随便开玩笑的,我反而自讨没趣了。(2)让天下的诸侯听到这件事,认为我们的国君重视鸟而轻视士,这是第三条罪过。

小题1:齐人固善盗乎;善于纳谏(知错能改);机智善辩。

小题1:甲文中晏子用类比的方法,巧妙地借用“南橘北枳”的说法,寓刚于柔,不卑不亢,既保全了楚王的面子,又维护了国家的尊严;乙文中晏子用迂回曲折的方法,表面上是在列举烛邹的“罪状”,其实是在点出景公的错误,语言灵活睿智,既维护了君王的尊严,又挽回了烛邹的性命。

小题1:题目分析:“诣”另有“学问水平达到一定高度”的意思;“其实”是古今异义词,古文中绝大多数都是一字一词,解释时要以“字”为单位,不可与今义混淆;“亡”与“故”是一词多义,“亡”另有“亡故”和“无”的意思,“故”另有“所以”“原来的”“友人”“故里”等的意思。

点评:本题不难,标记的都是常用文言字词,易于理解。学习古文,要多加注意常用词语的意义,尤其是课文注释中的词语。古文中很多词语都是一词多义的,学习时要对“多义”词识别记忆,比如本题中的“故”就有很多意思,学习时要举一反三,识记字词某一意思时,要想一想学过的其它意思。做题时要疏通文意,先把句子翻译正确,再解释字词意思,所要注意的是,在字词本义与句中意思有所差别时,最好本义和句中意都要写出来。

小题1:题目分析:第一句很难翻译,其中“熙”本意为“取乐”,句中意为“不严肃地开玩笑”,“反”意为“事与愿违”,译作“反而”,“取”本意为“获得”,句中意“自取”,“病”,本意为“疾病”,转义为心神不悦,句中当“无趣”讲。“焉”字的陈述中略带感叹的语气要译出来。第二句中“使”意为“让”,不是“出使”“使节”,“以”是“认为”,不是“把、用”,“君”是“国君”,不是“君子”,“罪三”,是倒装的用法,意为“三条罪过”。

点评:本题有一定难度,尤其是第一句,难解字较多。翻译文言句子,首先要理解整篇文章的文意,弄清句子前后的语境,做到句不离篇,其次要注意句中的关键字词,要翻译准确,不可遗漏,第三尽量直译,不便直译就要意译,注意特殊句式、通假字、词类的活用、古今异义等问题,第四句子要通顺,语气要连贯,结构要完整,在不影响句子原意的前提下可增加少量字词来疏通句子。

小题1:题目分析:注意题目中关键词的提示作用,比如“侮辱性”“表现”,有引号,一定要写原文句子,不可写译句。对人物分析来说,“表现”,一般指其性格和精神方面的特点。填空,语言要精炼,不可多写或少写,不能有错别字。

点评:本题不难,所问问题在文中从文字信息上易于理解。古文阅读能力的提高,功夫在平时。阅读文章要做到读而思,勤练习,多动脑动手才能提高根据文本筛选文字信息,归纳其意,组织语言正确表达的能力。考试做题时,要静心细心地阅读文段,注意题目的提示和要求,如本题中“表现”,了解它的指向。

小题1:题目分析:题干中提示了从两文来分析,不可偏一,要将两文相关内容进行比较;“语言技巧”,要抓住人物的语言来分析;题干所问其实是两个问题:语言技巧,效果,不可漏一。

点评:本题较难,要比较两文人物的语言,阅读和思考力度大,学生对“语言技巧”不甚了解,有知识上的障碍。“语言技巧”,主要是指人物语言表达的方式和特点,“效果”,指所起的作用和达到的目的。

问答题
填空题


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