问题 填空题

Q、W、X、Y、Z为五种原子序数递增的短周期元素。

已知:①Q原子核外电子数等于电子层数,且与W组成的化合物是沼气的主要成分;

②W与Y、X与Y组成的化合物是机动车排出的大气污染物;

③Y与Z能形成电子总数为30和38的两种离子化合物。

(1)W在周期表的位置:________;电子数为38的Y与Z形成化合物的电子式:________。

(2)工业合成XQ3,ΔH<0;下列措施既能加快反应速率,又能使原料转化率一定都提高的是________。

A.升高温度

B.加入高效催化剂

C.将XQ3及时分离出去

D.增大反应体系压强E.增大反应物浓度

(3)标准状况下22.4 L X的气态氢化物,与0.5 L 1 mol/L的X的最高价氧化物的水化物反应,所得碱性溶液中离子浓度由大到小顺序是_______(用化学式表示)。

答案

(1)第二周期ⅣA族 

(2)D (3)c(NH4+)>c(NO3-)>c(OH)>c(H

由①推知Q为H,沼气的主要成分是甲烷,故W为C;由②中W与Y形成的化合物是机动车排出的大气污染物可知,该化合物为CO,故Y为O,Q、W、X、Y原子序数递增,故X是N;Na2O含有30个电子,Na2O2含有38个电子,故Z为Na。(1)W是碳元素,为元素周期表中第6号元素,位于第二周期ⅣA族;Na2O2为离子化合物,且存在过氧键(—O—O—),因此其电子式为。(2)XO3为NH3,工业合成氨利用氢气与氮气反应,该反应为放热反应,升高温度可以提高反应速率,但会降低反应物的转化率,A项错;加入催化剂,可以提高反应速率,但不能提高反应物的转化率,B项错;将氨气及时分离出去可以提高原料的转化率,但同时也降低了反应速率,C项错;增大反应体系压强,体系中的物质浓度增大,反应速率增大,且该反应为气体分子数减小的反应,故也能提高反应物的转化率,D项正确;若增大一种反应物的浓度可以提高反应速率,但会降低该反应物的转化率,E项错。(3)氨气与硝酸反应的化学方程式为NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3。氨气的物质的量n(NH3)=22.4 L÷22.4 L/mol=1 mol,n(HNO3)=0.5 L×1 mol/L=0.5 mol。由此可知氨气过量0.5 mol,溶液中存在NH3·H2O的电离和NH4+的水解,因最终溶液呈碱性,故离子浓度大小顺序为c(NH4+)>c(NO)>c(OH)>c(H)。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的要求)。

          Anger and bitterness may affect your health. According to a research,forgiveness may help

you keep healthy,both physically and mentally.

     Forgiveness-giving up anger toward another- can greatly reduce your body's anger and

stress responses,which affect your mental and physical health. Research conducted by the University

of Michigan's institute for Social Research has showed that people who for-give themselves and

others experience reduced feelings of restlessness,nervousness and hopelessness. Other researches

have found forgiveness can also lower blood pressure and heart rates.

     "Stress worsens pain,tightens muscles and influences the smooth running of the immune(免疫)

system." says Fred Luskin,director of the Forgiveness Project at Stanford University." People think

they have unlimited storage of anger that will never do harm to their health,but they are quite wrong."

     And good news:You don't have to be Gandhi to forgive others or ask for forgiveness." Forgiveness

is a teachable skill,which you can learn just like you learn to play the piano." says Luskin.

     Remember these tips when learning to forgive:

     Commit yourself. Do whatever you have to do to feel better. Forgiveness is for you not______.

     Grasp the truth. Recognize that your primary bitterness comes from the hurt feelings and physical

upset you suffer now,not what offended or hurt you 2 minutes or 10 years ago.

     Meet positive goals. Instead of mentally replaying your hurt,seek a new and positive future.

     Live well. remember that a life well lived is the most important. Stop focusing on wounded

feelings-that gives the person who caused your pain power over you. Instead,look for love,beauty

and kindness around you.

1. What's the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 8 words.)

                                                                                

2. List three feelings that forgiveness can reduce based on the text.(Please answer within 9words.)

  ①_________________________________________________________________________

  ②_________________________________________________________________________

  ③_________________________________________________________________________

3.Fill in the blank with proper words to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 6 words.)

                                                                                

4. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

    Keep in mind that living a good life is of vital significance.

                                                                                

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.