问题 填空题

已知A、B、C、D、E、F六种短周期元素中,A、B、C、D是组成蛋白质的基本元素;A与B的原子序数之和等于C原子核内的质子数;A与E、D与F分别位于同一主族,且F原子核内的质子数是D原子核外电子数的2倍。据此,请回答:

(1)F在周期表中的位置是____________________________。

(2)由A、C、D、F按8:2:4:1原子个数比组成的化合物甲中含有的化学键类型为____________;甲溶液中各离子浓度由大到小的顺序为________________(用离子浓度符号表示)。

(3)化合物乙由A、C组成且相对分子质量为32;化合物丙由A、D组成且分子内电子总数与乙分子内电子总数相等;乙与丙的反应可用于火箭发射(反应产物不污染大气),则该反应的化学方程式为_________________________________________。

(4)由A、D、E、F组成的化合物丁能与硫酸反应并放出刺激性气味的气体,则丁的化学式为________;实验测得丁溶液显弱酸性,由此你能得出的结论是___________________。

(5)由B、A按1:4原子个数比组成的化合物戊与D的常见气态单质及NaOH溶液构成原电池

温度/K

 
(如图),试分析:

①闭合K,写出左池X电极的反应式__________________________________;

②闭合K,当X电极消耗1.6g化合物戊时(假设过程中无任何损失),则右池两极共放出气体在标准状况下的体积为_________升。

答案

(1)第三周期第ⅥA族(对一个计1分)

(2)离子键、共价键(对一个计1分)   c(NH4+)>c(SO42)>c(H+)>c(OH)

(3)N2H4 + 2H2O2=N2↑+ 4H2O

(4)NaHSO3(1分)   HSO3的电离程度比其水解程度强(合理答案均计分)

(5)①  CH4+10OH-8e=CO32+7H2O(写HCO3 且方程式正确也计分)      ②4.48

题目分析:A、B、C、D是组成蛋白质的基本元素,则应为C、H、O、N,又A与B的原子序数之和等于C原子核内的质子数,所以A、B分别为H、C元素,C为N元素,D为O元素,A与E、D与F分别位于同一主族,且F原子核内的质子数是D原子核外电子数的2倍,短周期内E为Na元素,F为S元素,(1)S在元素周期表中的位置是第三周期第ⅥA族;

(2)由H、N、O、S按8:2:4:1原子个数比组成的化合物甲的化学式是(NH42SO4,含有共价键和离子键两种化学键;

(3)由N、H元素构成的化合物乙的相对分子质量为32,利用“商余法”可计算乙的分子式为N2H4,电子总数是18,则由H、O构成的化合物丙的分子式为H2O2,N2H4与H2O2反应的化学方程式为N2H4 + 2H2O2=N2↑+ 4H2O;

(4)由H、O、Na、S构成的化合物丁能与硫酸反应并放出刺激性气味的气体是二氧化硫,所以丁的分子式 为NaHSO3,丁溶液显弱酸性,说明HSO3的电离程度大于它的水解程度;

(5)①C、H原子个数比为1:4的化合物戊的分子式为CH4,左池为原电池,X极是负极发生氧化反应,结合电解质溶液,其电极方程式是CH4+10OH-8e=CO32+7H2O(写HCO3 且方程式正确也计分),②当X电极消耗1.6g CH4时,共转移0.8mol电子,在右池中只有石墨极有气体氧气放出,2 OH-4e=O2↑+2 H+,所以产生的氧气的物质的量为0.2mol,在标准状况下的体积是4.48L。

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    阅读下面的短文,根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)

     An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling

a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was

vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn't important

enough to have his private number, the communication couldn't be that important, My friend is now even

more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work.    

     Almost every week now, there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by

the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it's only because we haven't devel-oped an appropriate

discrimination in dealing with it.      

              Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters,or from any

address you don't recognize or feel confident about.    

     Secondly, e-mails don't all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there's a tendency for

correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless dis-cussion or to accept a

point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.    

     Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn't have to be the samelength as the original. We all have e-mail pals who

send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. Then

charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the

letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail

with a brief reply.    

1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?      

The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.      

________________________________________________________      

________________________________________________________    

2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words)        

______________________________________________________    

3. What advice is given in the last paragraph?  (within l0 words)        

______________________________________________________    

4. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph l? (within 10 words)       

 ______________________________________________________    

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.        

_____________________________________________________

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