问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 1854年,当他(美国海军准将马修·佩里)再次来到日本时……日本人被迫让步,于3月31日签订了《神奈川条约》……并于1856年签订了《通商条约》……这一系列条约在西方世界并没有引起极大的关注。但对日本来说,它们却是其历史的巨大分界线。 ——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料二 改革的动力是西化……英国模式自然作为铁路、电信、公共建筑和市政工程、纺织工业以及许多商业方面的模范;法国模式用来改革法制、改革军事(后来采用普鲁士模式),海军当然还是学习英国,大学则归功于美国。日本聘请的外国专家——在日本人的监督下——从1875~1876年的五六百人,上升到1890年的3000人左右。然而政治和意识形态方面的选择就困难了……于是,不到 20年便出现一股反对极端西化、极端自由化的势力……(他们)实际上是想制造一个新的以崇拜天皇为核心的国教,即神道崇拜。 ——艾瑞克·霍布斯鲍姆《资本的年代》

材料三 学术界一般认为,日本明治维新是一次资产阶级性质的改革。但是,在最近一次国际学术研讨会上,有些学者主张明治维新应理解为一次 “明治革命”;而另二.些学者则提出“明治中兴”的解释。

请回答:

(1)为什么说“这一系列条约……对日本来说…… 却是其历史的巨大分界线”?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)根据材料二,分析日本向西方学习过程中体现出的特点。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(3)结合所学知识,谈淡你对材料三中其中一种观点的理解。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(4)日本明治维新给我们什么启示?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)打破了日本闭关锁国的局面。

(2)有选择、有侧重地向西方国家学习;向西方学习的规模大、领域广、进步快;直接吸收两次工业革命的成果。

(3)改革说:明治维新由天皇主持,自上而下完成,日本由此走上资本主义道路。革命说:明治维新是在武装倒幕的前提下进行的,它确立了以天皇为首的地主和资产阶级的联合专政。中兴说:维新前,日本遭受外来侵略,天皇被幕府架空;维新后,天皇重掌朝政,促进了经济发展,维护了民族独立。

(4)应坚决反对外来压迫;改革者要有魄力;改革应顺应历史潮流;既要重视经济、政治、军事改革,又要重视文化教育改革。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
完形填空

第II卷 (共45分)

第四部分 书面表达

第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的字数要求)。

[1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.

[2]Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.

[3]During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

[4]However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. ____________________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.

76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________

77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.

_________________________________________________________________

78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)

_________________________________________________________________

79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)

_________________________________________________________________

80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.

_________________________________________________________________