简述小学生的心理发展特征。
参考答案：⒈感知觉有了充分发展。 ⒉注意水平有限。注意的持久稳定性和范围都不断地发展。 ⒊不随意记忆占主要地位。在小学低年级，不随意记忆占有比较主要的地位。随着年级的升高，小学生的随意记忆明显得到发展。但在整个小学阶段，他们的不随意记忆始终占主要地位。 ⒋想象力丰富，但想象与现实之间没有明确界限 ⒌以形象思维为主。 ⒍情绪情感较稳定且比较单纯。 ⒎自我意识更加明确。小学生自我意识的社会化程度有了较大提高，但是仍然不够客观、全面，带有明显的主观色彩。
第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题共35分) 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。 Fairview Elementary School, Modesto, California, with some 1,000 students from kindergarten through sixth grade (about 80 percent of them Latino), has long suffered from discipline (纪律) problems, poor test scores, and a near total lack of parental involvement. The difficulties aren't surprising given that many of the parents -- immigrants who work on farms or in factories -- speak little or no English. Since 2002, Fairview Elementary School has been a First Amendment School, one of 97 developed across the country by the First Amendment Center. The idea behind the five-year-old program: To keep America strong, children must be trained to respect many points of view, weigh complex issues, and understand the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution (宪法). As students learn good citizenship, the theory goes, they'll develop the skills and attitude to do well academically. Fairview students enjoy" freedoms" other kids might envy (they voted to abolish school uniforms, for example). But the children don't just exercise rights. They also accept such responsibilities as speaking up during class discussions, and keeping the school clean and safe (Fairview is rated the cleanest of 33 schools in its district). In one departure from tradition, there’s no hand-raising in class. "Instead," says teacher Deborah Supnet, "we teach them to listen for when the other child stops talking. "Call it an exercise in respect. Last year, the number of students evaluated advanced in math increased, from 15 to 30 percent. And Fairview graduates in their first middle-school mid-term exam averaged B grades; 96 percent passed all subjects. Particularly encouraging to Principal Rob Williams, the school now has an active parents' group, Parents With a Voice. One of those parents, Laura Malagon, praises the program for convincing her to play a more active role in her children's school fife. Fresh ideas that are making the grade
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