问题 综合

根据材料回答问题。(13分)

材料一:我国部分省区老年人口比重及人口承载状况(实际人口密度与理论承载密度之比)

材料二:我国东、中、西部第四次和第五次人口普查有关人口密度的统计图。

材料三:世界、中国、美国人均耕地与人均GDP比较表。

(1)上述哪些省区已进入老龄化社会,并分析这些地区老龄化产生的原因。(4分)

(2)从表中看出哪两个省区的人口负担最轻,试分析其主要原因。(3分)

(3)椐图分析我国人口分布的特点,十年间其发展的趋向是什么,并分析其原因(3分)

(4)读上表,分析造成人均耕地继续减少的原因(3分)

答案

(1)沪、苏、津、粤     ①计划生育使人口的自然增长缓慢,年轻人比重下降 ②社会经济发展水平高、医疗条件好、生活质量改善等,使平均寿命延长。(4分)

(2)沪、粤   自然条件优越;沿海地区经济发达;科技水平高,对资源的利用率高;沿海地区交通便利,对外的高度开放;环境人口容量大。(3分)

(3)特点:分布不均,东部地区人口密集,西部地区人口稀少    

趋向:东西部人口分布不均在加剧    原因:①东部地区人口自然增长率并不高,但人口基数大,每年净增人口仍很多,导致人口密度增加;②东部地区经济发展较快,经济活力较强,吸引大量外来流动人口来务工和经商,造成人口密度增加。(3分)

(4)自然原因:灾毁耕地   社会原因:生态退耕、建设占用、农业结构调整(3分)

题目分析:(1)直接根据表格数据的老年人口比重,老年人口比重大于7%,即可判断为老龄化。老龄化是指老年人口占总人口的比重较高,故可从老年人口增长迅速和总人口增长缓慢的原因分析,影响上述省区的老年人口增长迅速主要从社会经济发展、医疗卫生事业发展和生活水平的提高等因素分析,总人口增长缓慢主要结合我国的计算生育政策分析。(2)直接从表格数据人口承载状况分析,人口承载系数越低,表示人口负担越小。结合人口承载状况为实际人口密度与理论承载密度之比分析,说明该地区的理论承载密度较大,故可从影响人口容量的主要因素:自然条件、科技水平、地区开放程度等方面分析。(3)直接从材料二,我国东、中、西部的人口分布差异判断即可。原因主要从影响人口数量变化的人口自然增长和人口机械增长两方面分析。(4)我国的人均耕地面积减少主要从我国的人口变化和耕地变化两方面分析,注意结合目前影响我国耕地面积变化的生态恶化、生态退耕和城市化占用耕地等方面分析。

点评:本题有一定难度,具有一定的借鉴价值。学生应抓住材料提取有效信息,并能掌握影响老龄化发展的主要影响因素、影响环境人口容量的主要因素、影响区域人口数量变化的主要因素和影响我国耕地面积变化的主要原因等基本内容,注意与区域实际相结合,对于此类试题,学生应学会知识迁移应用能力。

阅读理解

My friend, Emma Daniels, spent the summer of 1974 traveling in Israel. During her month-long stay in Jerusalem she often went to a café called Chocolate Soup. It was run by two men, one of whom—Alex—used to live in Montreal. One morning when Emma went in for coffee, while chatting with her new friend Alex, she mentioned that she had just finished the book she was reading and had nothing else to read. Alex said he had a wonderful book she might like, and that he’d be happy to lend it to her. As he lived just above the café, he quickly ran up to get it. The book he handed to Emma just minutes later was Markings, a book by a former Secretary— General of the United Nations (UN).

Emma had never read it, nor had she ever bought a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack(背包) and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later moved to Jerusalem, he took the book along.

小题1:Alex lent Emma the book, Markings,         .

A.to show his friendliness to her

B.to show his interest in reading

C.to tell her about the importance of the UN

D.to let her write her name and address inside小题2:How did Emma feel the moment she opened the book?

A.Pleased.

B.Satisfied

C.Worried.

D.Surprised.小题3:We can learn from the text that the Californian       .

A.met Emma at a concert

B.invited Emma to a concert

C.introduced Emma to his friend

D.left Emma his backpack小题4:Who was supposed to be the first owner of the book?

A.An official of the UN.

B.A coffee shop owner.

C.A friend of the author’s.

D.Alex’s friend from California.

单项选择题