问题 综合题

(16分)二战后,世界格局不断变化。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:美国政治学家亨廷顿在《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》一书中描述中国在冷战中的“随机应变”时说:“(20世纪)50年代,中国将自己确定为苏联的一个盟友。然后,在中苏分裂后,它把自己看作反对两个超级大国的第三世界的领袖,这使它付出了高昂代价,而获利却甚少。在尼克松政府作出政策调整后,中国开始寻求在两个超级大国的均势游戏中充当第三方,70年代“当美国似乎虚弱之时,它与美国结成了联盟,然后在80年代当美国军事力量增强.而苏联经济上衰弱并陷入阿富汗战争时,它转向与美苏保持等距离。然而,随着超级大国竞争的结束,‘中国牌’变得毫无价值,中国被迫重新确定自己在世界事务中的作用。它确立了两个目标:成为中华文化的倡导者,即吸引其他所有华人社会的文明核心国家以及恢复它在19世纪丧失的作为东亚霸权国家的历史地位。”

(1)据材料一概括亨廷顿关于中国在冷战中以及冷战后的外交政策的观点是什么?(4分)

材料二:近500年来发生过三次结构性的权力转变……第一次是西方世界(欧洲)的崛起,此转变始于1 5世纪,在1 9世纪急剧加速;第二次转变发生在1 9世纪末美国的崛起……上个世纪的全球经济、科技、文化和理念,大半时间由美国主导;我们目前正在经历的则是现代史上的第三次权力转变,或可称为“群雄竞起”的时代。

(2)依据材料二并结合所学知识, 概括美国能主导世界的主要因素并指出当今世界“群雄竞起”的表现。(12分)

答案

(1)中国在冷战中的外交政策是“随机应变”的,冷战后中国要恢复它在19世纪丧失的作为东亚霸权国家的历史地位。(4分)

(2)美国能主导世界的因素:资产阶级革命;确立共和政体;第三次科技革命;进行政策调整和制度创新。(6分,列出其中2点即可)“群雄竞起”的表现:欧盟、俄国斯、中国、日本、第三世界的崛起。(6分,列出其中三点即可)

题目分析:

(1)根据材料信息,描述中国在冷战中的“随机应变”,“ 它确立了两个目标:成为中华文化的倡导者,即吸引其他所有华人社会的文明核心国家以及恢复它在19世纪丧失的作为东亚霸权国家的历史地位。”概括亨廷顿关于中国在冷战中以及冷战后的外交政策的观点。

(2)注意结合所学知识,美国能主导世界的主要因素可从政治、经济、文化以及国际关系等方面分析。政治:资产阶级革命、确立共和政体;经济:两次工业革命、进行政策调整和制度创新;文化:科技革命;国际关系:两次世界大战期间大发战争财。

阅读理解

Iphones may be the most popular mobiles in the world now. Not only do adults use them, but little children also like them.

Natasha Shykes is a mother of two kids in America. When her daughter, Kelsey, was only two years old, she became interested in her father’s iphone. “She pressed the button (按钮) and the phone lit up. It seemed to be amazing for her,” said Natasha. “Then she got serious about the phone. She always cried for it. It seemed that she also wanted an iphone.”

Iphones are easy to use. So it is not difficult for little children to use them. Many applications (应用软件) on iphones are designed for children who are too young to go to school. For example, children can learn more about the animals in the world by watching the videos on the phones.

However, parents are very worried about this. They don’t know whether they should buy their children iphones or not. There are two main reasons. One is that they are afraid that children may destroy the iphones. Another reason is that they are not sure whether iphones can really be used as educational tools.

小题1:Natasha’s daughter felt very ___________ the iphone.

A. afraid of               B. surprised at            C. interested in   

小题2:The underlined words “lit up” mean “___________” in Chinese.

A. 点燃                B. 发出响声                 C. 点亮

小题3:The third paragraph mainly tells us__________.

A. iphones are difficult for adults to use.

B. Many children can’t use iphones because they are too young.

C. Parents can do many things on the iphones.

小题4:Parents are worried about the iphones because________.

A. their children may destroy the iphones.

B. Iphones are useless to their children’s study.

C. Iphones are bad for their children’s health.

小题5:What’s the best title for the passage?

A. An Interesting Tool      B. A Popular Mobile     C. A Colorful World

多项选择题