问题 阅读理解与欣赏

鲁施氏与孟氏

①鲁施氏有二子,其一好学,其一好兵。好学者以术干①齐侯;齐侯纳之,以为诸公子之傅。好兵者之楚,以法干楚王;王说之,以为军正②。禄富其家,爵其亲。

②施氏之邻人孟氏,同有二子,所业亦同,而窘于贫。羡施氏之有,因从请进趋之方。二子以实告孟氏。孟氏之一子之秦,以术干秦王。秦王曰:“当今诸侯力争,所务兵食而已。若用仁义治吾国,是灭亡之道。”遂宫而放之。其一子之卫,以法干卫侯。卫侯曰:‘吾弱国也,而摄③乎大国之间。大国吾之,小国吾抚之,是求安之道。若赖兵权,灭亡可待矣。若全而归之,适于他国,为吾之患不轻矣。”遂刖④之,而还诸鲁。

③既,孟氏之父子叩胸而施氏。施氏曰:“凡得时者昌,失时者亡。子道与吾同,而功与吾异,失时者也,非行之谬也。

【注】①干:谒见。②军正:军中的执法官。③摄:夹处,夹迫。④刖(yuè):古代刑名,即砍掉双脚

小题1:解释下列句中加点的词 (4分)

①爵其亲 荣:                      ②大国吾之           事:            

③既    反:                      ④孟氏之父子叩胸而施氏 让:                 

小题2:下列句中的“之”与“好兵者之楚”中的“之”的意义和用法相同的一项是(2分)(  )

A.予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染

B.辍耕之垄上

C.而摄乎大国之间

D.马之千里者小题3:用现代汉语写出下列句子的意思。(4分)

①所业亦同,而窘于贫。

译:_______________________________________________________

②子道与吾同,而功与吾异,失时者也,非行之谬也。  

译:_______________________________________________________

小题4:阅读本文,你明白了什么道理?(1分)

答:______________________________________________________                  

答案

小题1:(4分)①使…荣耀     ②侍奉   ③同“返”,返回   ④责备

小题2:(2分)B

小题3:(4分)①(他们)所学的也和(施氏的儿子)相同,但却被贫困所困。(得分点:补充省略成分,窘、于)②你们的学业和我们相同,但结果大不一样,这是你们没有顺应时势啊,并不是本事学错了。(得分点:判断句式,时,谬)

小题4:(1分)例:①抓住时机,见机行事,灵活地处理问题,才算聪明。②不审时度势,机械地照搬现成的方法,结果必定事与愿违。③做事情要以条件、时间、地点为转移,不能生搬别人的经验。(关键点:时机或机会很重要)

小题1:

题目分析:先要大致了解全文内容,弄清句子的意思,根据句意和自己对文言常用词的掌握来判断字词义,对所学文言文名篇中的词语,可以根据所学所记直接判断。注意字词在句子中的变化,比如“荣”是使动用法,译为“使……荣耀”,“反”通“返”。

小题2:

题目分析:先准确判断例句中加点词的含义,再根据各选句的意思结合对文言常用词的积累来判断字词义,注意辨析词义和用法的变化,进行比较。例句与B句中“之”都是动词“去、到”的意思。

小题3:

题目分析:根据文章的语境,了解句子大意,准确理解关键字词,比如“业”“窘”“功”“时”“谬”,翻译后疏通语句。所学课文,做过翻译练习要加强记忆,可直接写出译句。

小题4:

题目分析:梳通文章,了解内容,抓住文中关键句子即“凡得时者昌,失时者亡”理解“时机”对做事成败的重要作用。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     If you are like most people, your intelligence (智力) changes with the seasons, you are probably a lot

  sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A famous scientist, Ellsworth Huntington

 (1876-1947),concluded (总结) that climate and temperature have an effect (作用) on your mental

 abilities(智力).

     He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative (激活) thinking than summer heat. This

  does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It

  does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.

    Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's

  mental abilities are affected (受影响) by the same factors (因素) that bring about great changes in

 nature .

     Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long

  vacation from thinking.

1. Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _____.

    A. a great effect on everyone's intelligence

    B. some effect on most persons' intelligence

    C. some effect on a few persons' intelligence

    D. no effect on most persons' intelligence 

2. Why is spring the best season for thinking? Because _____.

    A. all nature, including man, is growing then

    B. it lasts longer than the other seasons

    C. it is not too warm and not too cold

    D. both B and C

3. The two best seasons for thinking seem to be _____.

    A. spring and fall

    B. winter and summer

    C. summer and spring

    D. fall and winter 

4. Which of the following is wrong?

    A. It seems that the cold of winter is better for thinking than very hot weather.

    B. Perhaps Huntington based (以……为基础) his conclusion (结论) on work with persons in the

         same climate.

    C. Fall is the second best season for thinking.

    D. Both A and C are wrong 

5. The main idea of this passage is that _____.

    A. most people's intelligence changes with seasons

    B. seasons are the reason of the changing intelligence

    C. spring is the best season for thinking

    D. summer is the best season for taking a long vacation

问答题 简答题