问题 选择题

下列各组原子中,彼此的化学性质一定相似的是    (  )

A.P原子:1s2;Q原子:2s2

B.P原子:M能层上有2个电子;Q原子:N能层上有2个电子

C.P原子:2p能级上有1个未成对电子;Q原子:3p能级上也有1个未成对电子

D.P原子:最外层L能层上只有一个空轨道;Q原子:最外层M能层上也只有一个空轨道

答案

答案:D

A中P、Q分别为He、Be。B中P为Mg,Q可能是Ca,也可能是过渡元素(如Sc、Ti、V、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn等)。C中P原子可能是B、F,Q可能是Al、Cl。D中P为C,Q为Si,其化学性质一定相似。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

世博会,倾听人类文明进步的足音

  每届世博会都留给我们非凡的惊喜。翻阅150多年的世博史,犹如品读一本经济史、文化史、科技史,人类文明进步的足音清晰传来……

  150多年来,美国曾先后13次举办世博会。“举办世博会的过程,几乎就是美国实现工业化并成为世界强国的过程。”上海世博美国馆副总代表俞天睦表示,“1893年芝加哥世博会被认为是‘改变了美国的一届世博会’,美国从此走上了世界强国路。”而1933年的芝加哥世博会对于世界经济来说,也具有历史意义,它被称为一届“希望的盛会”。从福特、克莱斯勒等灵活的筹资参展方式,到中国、捷克斯落伐克众多国家争设独立展馆,无一不显示出“越是艰难时刻,越显合作珍贵”。回望历史,俞天睦感慨地说:“1876年的费城世博会,正是美国建国100周年,那是世博会第一次在欧洲之外举办。当时美国还是发展中国家,而今,世博在发展中国家举办,无疑对未来发展具有历史意义。”

  作为世博会的发源地,英国用一朵盛开的蒲公英,向世界诉说一个老工业国对未来、自然、城市的探寻。1851年的伦敦世博会曾给世界带来太多震撼,人们在“水晶宫”里目瞪口呆地看着各种机器和工业品:高效的农业机械、印刷机械、自动链式精纺机、大功率蒸汽机……决定举办这一盛事的维多利亚女王在日记中按捺不住骄傲和自豪:“每个人会热爱这一切……把地球上所有国家的工业联合了起来,确实让人感动,永远值得纪念。”然而,陶醉于第一次世博会的人还远远不能想象工业革命给世界带来的另一面。严重污染的河流、日渐减少的绿色让人们从对机器的狂热中清醒,开始反思工业化的弊病。“从对物的崇拜转向对人的关怀、从征服自然转向尊重自然、从追求增长转向推崇可持续发展”,世博带给英国的不仅是工业的突飞猛进,更是一场思想与理念的变革。

  1970年3月15日,世博会第一次来到亚洲,并且在日本大阪取得了空前成功。欧美尖端技术以及时髦的生活方式的披露,让进入“小康”时代的日本国民大开眼界,其中展出的便携式传呼机、无线电话、视像电话、电动轿车、磁悬浮列车以及罐头饮料、快速食品,迅速商业化和普及化,风靡日本。大阪世博会成功的举办成为日本国家现代化到来的标志。

  上海世博会,是世博会首次在中国举办。它创造了新的世界纪录:报名参加的国家和国际组织为历届之最,志愿者人数最多,世博会园区面积最大……

  回望159年的世博史,中国从“参与者”到成为“东道主”,从一个侧面叙述了一个国家与世界的故事。1894年春,郑观应在《盛世危言》中提出办世博会的主张;1910年,出版家张元济在参观同年的布鲁塞尔世博会后对中国简陋的展厅陈设、偏僻的展位深表痛心。回国后,他“掌舵”的商务印书馆出版了大量有关世博会的书籍。

  新中国成立后,中国的世博梦想一步步走进现实:2002年,中国郑重申办世博会;经过几代中国人的努力,世博东道主之梦终于成真。当充满中国元素的“东方之冠”中国馆拔地而起时,也将一个中国的富强梦嵌入了世博会新纪元的扉页。当全世界的目光聚焦到中国这个古老而焕发生机的国度,我们坚信:中国在世博历史上将续写新的传奇!(摘自《光明日报》2010年4月21日,有删改)

1.关于世博会的解说,不符合原文的一项是(     )

A.世博会起源于英国,至今已有150多年的历史,从世博会的发展历史中我们可以感受到人类文明的进步。

B.世博会的发展历程告诉我们,它既展现了世界各国的经济、文化、科技的发展,也包含着人类对思想与理念的变革。

C.世博会对每一个举办国来讲,都是一次难得的发展契机,举办国可以借此机会增强本国的实力。

D.世博会移至中国举办,创造了新的世界纪录:报名参加的国家和国际组织最多,志愿者人数最多,园区面积最大,中国首次参加。

2.关于世博会对世界各国发展的影响,解说正确的一项是(     )

A.13次世博会在美国的成功举办,对美国由发展中国家向世界强国迈进具有重要历史作用。

B.伦敦世博会带给英国的不仅是工业的突飞猛进,更是一场思想与理念的变革,它让人们从对机器的狂热中清醒,开始反思工业化的弊病。

C.1970年大阪世博会的成功举办,让日本国民进入了“小康”时代,它成为日本国家现代化到来的标志。

D.通过举办上海世博会,古老的中国将焕发出生机,并将逐步实现自己的富强之梦。

3.下列各项表述,不符合原文意思的一项是(     )

A.1876的美国费城世博会启示我们,世博会在中国举办,无疑将对中国的发展起到重要作用。

B.1933年芝加哥世博会被称为一届“希望的盛会”,它彰显了各国在艰难时刻合作精神的珍贵。

C.早期的中国人曾有过举办世博会的梦想,但新中国成立后,这一梦想才一步步走进现实。

D.1851年的伦敦世博会给世界带来了工业革命,1933年在芝加哥举办的世博会对当时的世界经济也具有历史意义。

阅读理解

Growing up the daughter of an outstanding educator, Andrea Peterson knew at a young age that

she wanted to serve others. It was with this mindset that she started to take a degree in medicine. However ,while visiting her brothers who were away at college studying music education, she realized that she too was drawn to teach music.

In her ten years at Granite Falls, she has revitalized(复兴) the music programs at both the

elementary and high school levels, to the extent that an additional music teacher was hired by the district to assist with the workload. The growth of the music program in Granite Falls School District has encouraged students to participate in county ,state ,and national music competitions, and won a lot of prizes for the district.

Teaching music is only part of Peterson's instruction—it serves as a vehicle to other areas .

"Music is an amazing tool to unlock students' potential. The most visible benefit from their success in music is their increased confidence and self-esteem," Peterson said. "However, I don't believe it is the only benefit, nor the most powerful. It is truly exciting to see how my music teaching can transfer back to other classrooms." With this philosophy, Peterson introduced a cross-curriculum program ,where she takes lessons taught in other classes, such as English and math ,and expands upon them in an eight-week unit.

One of the most popular projects in Peterson's classes is the creation and performance of a musical, In the activity students create a play from one of the books they have read in another class. Students work together to choose the music that best fits with the overall feel of the play and then perform it for the greater community. "Through Andrea's efforts these kids have helped to put Granite Falls, Washington, on the map for musical talents. Parents, staff, and community members continue to be in awe of what she is able to bring forth from the children," said Debra Rose Howell, a colleague of Peterson's at Monte Cristo Elementary School.

小题1:At the beginning, Andrea Peterson planned to work as a (n)       .

A.teacher

B.doctor

C.educator

D.musician小题2:The 2nd paragraph mainly tells about     .

A.Andrea Peterson’s life at Granite Falls

B.county, state and national music competitions

C.the growth of the music program in Granite Falls School District

D.Andrea Peterson’s contributions to Granite Falls’ music programs小题3:Which of the following is NOT a benefit the students get from Andrea Peterson’s class?

A.Music talent development.

B.Increased self-confidence.

C.Ability in learning other subjects.

D.Prizes for English and maths.小题4:The following sentences tell what the students have to do about their musical project. Which is the right order of the events?

a.They chose proper music for their play.

b.They adapt the story into a play.

c.They put on the play for the whole school or the whole community.

d.They practice performing the play.

e.They choose a story they have read in another class.

A.e→b→a→d→c

B.e→b→c→a→d

C.a→e→b→d→c

D.a→b→e→d→c