问题 填空题

某天然有机化合物A仅含C、H、O元素,与A相关的反应框图如下:

(1)写出下列反应的反应类型:

S→A第①步反应         、  B→D          

D→E第①步反应          、  A→P          

(2)B所含官能团的名称                   

(3)写出A、P、E、S的结构简式

A:        、P:          、E:           、S:           

(4)写出在浓H2SO4存在并加热的条件下,F与足量乙醇反应的化学方程式:

                                                                     

(5)写出与D具有相同官能团的D的所有同分异构体的结构简式:

                                                                   

答案

(1)取代(水解)反应  加成反应 消去反应 酯化(取代)反应

(2)碳碳双键 羧基

(3)A:HOOCCHOHCH2COOH  P:

E:HOOCC≡CCOOH       S:

(4)+2C2H5OH  +2H2O

(5)HOOCCBr2CH2COOH  

由A仅含C、H、O三种元素,S为氯代有机酸,水解可以得到A,说明S分子中含有C、H、O、Cl四种元素;根据反应条件可知,由S→B发生消去,B→F发生加成,得到饱和羧酸F,而F和NaHCO3反应,得到盐的化学式为:C4H4O4Na2,说明F是二元羧酸,从而说明S分子中含有两个—COOH。

S中的Cl原子碱性条件下被—OH取代,生成含有—COOH和—OH的有机物A,并且A自身在浓硫酸作用下,可以生成六元环状的酯,故—OH在β碳原子上,再结合A的相对分子质量分为134,可以推知A为HOOCCHOHCH2COOH,S为,B为HOOCCH=CHCOOH,F为HOOCCH2CH2COOH,D为,D在NaOH醇溶液中发生消去,生成E:HOOCC≡CCOOH,P为六元环酯,结构简式为:

(1)根据上述物质结合反应条件,可知S→A第①步反应为取代(或水解)反应;B→D为烯烃和溴的加成反应;D→E第①步反应为卤代烃在NaOH醇溶液中发生消去反应;A→P为酯化(取代)反应。

(2)B为HOOCCH=CHCOOH,分子中含有碳碳双键和羧基两种官能团。

(3)A:     P:

E:HOOCC≡CCOOH   S:

(4)F为丁二酸(HOOCCH2CH2COOH)在浓硫酸作用下与足量的乙醇反应,生成丁二酸二乙酯,方程式为:+2C2H5OH  +2H2O

(5)D为,其含有相同挂能团的同分异构体有:HOOCCBr2CH2COOH、  

完形填空
In China,a lot of food is wasted every year and the waste food is enough for       people.The food is wasted in restaurants,at home and in schools,etc.
In restaurants or at home,people often order or cook        food.But they can’t eat it up.When they go out of a restaurant,full and happy,they never look back           the uneaten food on the table again.Should Chinese consumers(消费者)feel         for the terrible waste?
In schools.we can often see a lot of students         food away after meals and they only eat the food they like.
Everyone is supposed to have enough food to eat.However, in some places, the food is so little          a lot of people died from hunger.Although China has tried hard to solve          of hunger over the past thirty years,the job is not finished yet.Food is important to us all.We         live without food.So        is necessary for us to love food and try to eat up everything on our plates.When we eat in restaurants,we should pack up the leftovers(剩菜剩饭).we also need to tell other people to stop        food as soon as possible.
小题1:
A.200 millionB.200 millions C.200 million ofD.200 millions of
小题2:
A.too manyB.many tooC.too muchD.much too
小题3:
A.inB.atC.onD.up
小题4:
A.interestedB.excitedC.happyD.sorry
小题5:
A.throwB.threwC.thrownD.to throw
小题6:
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
小题7:
A.the problemB.the questionC.the dangerD.the mistake
小题8:
A.canB.can’tC.mustn’tD.may
小题9:
A.itB.heC.sheD.they
小题10:
A.wasteB.to wasteC.wasting D.to be wasted
问答题 案例分析题