问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文言文,完成下面问题。

  陶弼,字商翁,永州人。少倜傥,放宕吴中。行山间,有双鲤戏溪水上,伫观之。傍一老父顾曰:“此龙也,行且斗,君宜亟去。”去百步许,雷大震而雨,岸圮木拔。又出大云,仓卒遇风暴怒,二十七艘同时溺,独弼舟得济,人以是异之。一见丁谓,谓妻以宗女,因从学兵法,能持论纵横。庆历中,杨畋讨湖南贼,弼上谒,畋授之兵使往袭,大破之。以功得阳朔主簿。

  侬智高犯南海,畋为安抚使,辟参军谋。使下英江会诸将议击,未至,智高解去。弼舍舟,从其徒数十人,间关步出赴畋。次临贺,大将蒋偕适战死,余众畏亡将被诛,多降贼。弼数与之遇,亟矫畋命揭榜道上,谕使归,许以不死,凡得千五百人。

  调阳朔令。课民植木官道旁,夹数百里,自是行者无夏秋暑暍之苦,它郡县悉效之。摄兴安令。移书说桂守萧固浚灵渠以通漕,不听;至李师中,卒浚之。师征安南,馈饷于是乎出,大为民利。

  知邕州。邕地卑下,水易集,夏大雨弥月,弼登城以望,三边皆漫为陂泽,亟窒垠江三门,谕兵民即高避害。俄而水大至,弼身先版歃,召僚吏赋役,为土囊千余置道上,水果从窦入,随塞之。城虽不坏,而人皆乏食,则为发廪以振于内,方舟以饁于外,水不及女墙者三板,旬有五日乃退,公私一无所失亡。自横、浔以东数州皆没。

  郭逵南征,转弼康州团练使,复知邕州。民再罹祸乱,散匿山谷,弼率百骑深入左江峒,民知其至,扶老携幼以归。逵帅官军临富良江,使弼殿。交人纳款,逵欲班师,恐为所袭。乃以计夜起,军不整,骑步相蹈藉乱行。贼隔江阴伺觇,知弼殿,弗敢追。弼申令帐下毋动,迟明,结队徐行,逵赖以善还。留知顺州。加东上阁门使,未拜而卒。诏录其家五人。

  弼能为诗,好士乐施,所得俸禄,悉以与人,家至贫不恤也。既死,妻在乡里,僦屋以居。

  [注]①暍:中暑。②窒:堵塞。③饁:送食物。

1.下列句子中加粗词语的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A.弼上,畋授之兵使往袭——谒:拜谒,拜访

B.临贺,大将蒋偕适战死——次:驻扎

C.民再祸乱,散匿山谷——罹:遭遇

D.逵帅官军临富良江,使弼殿——殿:殿下,尊称

2.下列句子表现陶弼“文武双全”的一组是(     )

A.课民植木官道旁——畋授之兵使往袭,大破之

B.使下英江会诸将议击——为土囊千余置道上

C.师征安南,馈饷于是乎出——至李师中,卒浚之

D.因从学兵法,能持论纵横——所得俸禄,悉以与人

3.下列对文段的概括和理解不正确的一项是(     )

A.陶弼年轻时在吴中游历,多次遇险,又多次幸免于难,说明他的机敏。后来遇上丁谓,他才得以学兵法,讨贼立功,做上阳朔主簿。

B.陶弼受杨畋之命,准备领兵前往会合诸将合击侬智高。但还没有到达,侬智高就领兵仓皇退去。陶弼在途中遇上了许多侬智高的散兵,陶弼就假托杨畋的命令,张榜于道路两旁,答应不处死他们,于是收得了一千多投降的散兵。

C.陶弼作为一方父母官,很能为百姓着想。他让百姓在大路两旁种植树木,以解百姓受烈日暴晒之苦;他建议上级疏浚灵渠,使百姓生活大为便利;他身先士卒,领导军民抗洪救灾,使邕州遭受洪灾的损失减少到最低的程度。

D.陶弼跟随郭逵征战富良江,得胜班师时,由于组织不善,军队非常混乱。全仗陶弼临危不乱,妥善组织,郭逵才能平安回来。陶弼非常乐善好施,所得的俸禄,都拿来分人,而自己家里却很贫困。他死后,他的妻子还要租房子来住。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)课民植木官道旁,夹数百里,自是行者无夏秋暑暍之苦,它郡县悉效之。

译文:__________________________________________________

(2)城虽不坏,而人皆乏食,则为发廪以振于内,方舟以饁于外。

译文:__________________________________________________

答案

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.(1)教导百姓在官道旁植树,有数百里长。从这以后行人不受烈日中暑之苦,其他的郡县纷纷效仿。

(2)城池虽然保住了,但人们都缺粮食,于是陶弼就打开城内的官库发放粮食救灾,同时用船从外面运来粮食。

单项选择题

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is (1) to say it anyway. He is that (2) bird, a scientist who works independently (3) any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not (4) thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

(5) he, however, might tremble at the (6) of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only (7) that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in (8) are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, (9) 12-15 points above the (10) value of 100, and have contributed (11) to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the (12) of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, (13) . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, (14) , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been (15) to social effects, such as a p tradition of (16) education. The latter was seen as a (an) (17) of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately (18) . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has (19) them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this (20) state of affairs.

8()

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

单项选择题