问题 写作题

作文

阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。

孔子:“忠告而善道之,不可则止,毋自辱也。”意思是说:忠诚地劝告他,恰当地引导他,如果不听也就罢了,不要自取其辱。

意大利报人兼发行人郎根尼西:“不要给我忠告,让我自己去犯错误。”

德国著名作家歌德说:“接受忠告,就是增进一个人自己的能力。”

请全面理解上面名言含意,选择一个角度,联系实际,写一篇作文,立意自定,文体不限,题目自拟,不少于800字。

答案

一、审题

导入语由三句名言构成,这三句名言其实告诉了我们:生活中或人生道路上,有时需要“听听忠告”,有时又不能被“忠告”束缚,关键是看什么样的“忠告”,在什么时候什么情况下的“忠告”。读懂了材料的这个中心,便可以从两个方面思考:一是人生路上或者生活中有哪些忠告,这些忠告来自哪里;二是什么样的“忠告”什么时候什么情况下的“忠告”该听或者不该听。这些“忠告”对现实生活有怎样的意义。

二、判分 

1. 判分原则:

坚持内容和形式统一的原则,注重考查写作基本能力。要求从审题、立意、选材、结构、语言、文体等诸方面全面衡量,实事求是,科学量分。

2. 判分等级:

一类卷63~70分,二类卷56~62分,三类卷49~55分,四类卷42~48分,五类卷28~41

分,六类卷27分以下。

3. 评分表解

分类赋分切题立意选材结构语言
70~63切题独到、

深刻

新颖,论据富有个性、典型性精巧;严谨精彩、生动
62~56准确较好、论据有代表性,有一定说服力完整;有特点准确、恰当
55~49基本

切题

正确一般,论据基本为众所周知、但能证明观点基本完整通顺、平安
48~42基本正确基本通顺
41~28不切题牵强有误低幼、论据与事理有出入、论据基本不能证明观点逻辑层次不清不通顺、有明显语病
27~0不正确很差、编造论据、与观点毫不相干无章无法粗俗
4. 几点说明:

①关于切题

作文的中心词为“忠告”,可以谈“人生需要接受忠告”或者“人生需要拒绝忠告”,但一定要把它放在人生的背景下思考,能谈出点辩证的思想则更好。

脱离导语,任意泛化引申“忠告”的内涵,视为不切题。

②关于立意

命题有引导学生对人生中“忠告”的作辩证思考的意图。但是立意可以从不同的角度来思考:导语中孔子的话是站在忠告别人的角度,忠告人要真诚耐心劝告,不要把自己的意志强加给别人;导语中郎根尼西、歌德的话是站在接受忠告的人的角度,一是反面立意——不接受忠告,或者说不能盲从忠告,一是从正面立意——接受好的忠告能使人不断进步等。

③关于三类卷:

符合“三基本”要求。记叙文能具体写面对“忠告”的过程、场面、人物,感情较真实;议论文能围绕忠告的辩证关系,思考产生忠告的原因,如何对待忠告,进行理性思考和审视评判,立意基本正确,论据比较充实,结构完整,语言通顺。可判三类卷。在49~55之间赋分。

④关于四类卷:

记叙文只写出某段具体生活经历或某段生活场景,文章没有明确的中心,或结构残缺,语言表达凌乱,语病较多。议论文虽有观点,但内容空泛,堆砌论据,观点和材料分离,硬凑字数,语病较多。视为四类卷,在42~48之间赋分。

⑤关于五类卷:

抛开导语另立话题,自说自话,偏离题意;或者立意飘忽不定,文章中心不明;文体模糊不清。视为五类卷,在28~41之间赋分。

5. 个案处理:

①确认为抄袭,全文三分之二以上与原文相同,最高不超过20分。内 * * 本相同,最高不超过10分。

②完篇而字数不足,正常评分后,每少50字扣1分,扣满3分为止。明显未完篇,视篇幅和内容具体情况而定,最高不超过46分(不满100字,0-5分;200字左右,6-10分;300字左右,11-20分;400字左右,21-30分;500字左右,31-40分;600字左右,41-46分。未完篇的文章,不再扣字数不足分)。

③游戏人生、语言粗俗、格调低下的“问题卷”,最高不得超过40分;思想感情庸俗低下,即使完篇切题的文章,最高不超过25分。

④每错一字扣1分,扣满5分为止;书写明显差,扣1分。

问答题
阅读理解

第三节:阅读理解(40分)

第一节:阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

How Americans Began to Eat Tomatoes

People have strange ideas about food. For example, the tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous (有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples.”

President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples. Jefferson never spoke to his honored (忠实的) guests about the fact.

56. After you read the passage, which of the following do you think is true?

A. Americans never ate tomatoes after they began to plant them.

B. Americans didn’t eat tomatoes before 19th century.

C. Even now Americans don’t eat tomatoes.

D. In the 18th century Americans ate a lot of tomatoes.

57. The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes________.

A. while he was in Paris                                        B. when he was a little boy 

C. because his parents told him so                           D. from books

58. According to the text, _______ made the beautiful pink soup served at the President’s party?

A. the President himself     B. a French cook       

C. the President’s cook      D. the President’s wife

59. From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were________.

A. people from other countries   B. from France  

C. people of his own country     D. men only

60. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. All of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President’s party was made of tomatoes.

B. All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President’s cook was nice.

C. All of the guests thought the taste of the beautiful pink soup was nice.

D. None of the guests knew that their president would serve his honored guests poison apples.