问题 改错题

历史告诉我们,大国崛起得益于体制的创新与发展。阅读下列材料,回答问题(15分)

材料一:英国、美国的探索:“英国通过推行自由贸易,建立起全球市场,并逐步确立起自由市场经济模式。……美国在20世纪30年代,又加入了政府干预的手段。从此,‘看得见的手’和‘看不见的手’交相作用,改变了人们对传统的市场经济模式的认识。”

——《大国崛起》解说词

材料二:苏联(苏俄)的探索:列宁在十月革命以后提出了一个著名的公式:苏维埃 * * +普鲁士铁路管理+美国技术和托拉斯组织……=社会主义。斯大林在1926年指出“社会主义经济是统一最集中的经济,社会主义经济是按计划进行的”。

材料三:新中国的探索:社会主义经济体制包括两个方面的内容,一是生产资料所有制的形式和结构;二是社会主义经济管理体制。

——何理《中华人民共和国史》

如图,改革开放前后国民经济成分比例示意图

(1)材料一中“英国通过推行自由贸易……逐步确立起自由市场经济模式”,《南京条约》中的哪些内容体现了英国推行“自由贸易”的目的?(2分)罗斯福创新经济体制的根本目的是什么?(2分)

(2)依据材料二并结合所学知识回答:20世纪20年代,苏俄的哪一政策基本体现了列宁的主张?(2分)斯大林主张建立怎样的经济体制?(1分)从当前我国建立资源节约型社会的角度分析这一体制有何弊端?(2分)

(3)依据材料三,分析改革开放以来我国经济体制发生了怎样的变化?(2分)我国经济体制改革在农村推行什么政策?(1分)城市经济体制改革的重点是什么?(1分)

(4)综上所述,你对“大国崛起得益于体制的创新与发展”有何认识。(2分)

答案

(1)五口通商,协定关税(2分);维护资本主义制度(2分)。

(2)新经济政策(2分);高度集中的计划经济体制或计划经济体制(1分);经济发展粗放,经济效益低下,大量消耗和浪费了资源(2分)。

(3)由计划经济体制转变为社会主义市场经济体制(2分);家庭联产承包责任制(1分);国有企业改革(1分)。

(4)经济体制的改革要符合国情,要有利于经济的发展。(2分,言之有理,酌情给分)。

通商口岸,关税是最能体现英国的贸易市场;罗斯福创新经济体制的根本目的是在维护资本主义制度的前提下,局部调整生产关系。

此问考查列宁的新经济政策和斯大林模式,基本是一问一答的形式,难度不大,没啥技巧;注意后面问的是弊端。

改革开放以来我国经济体制最大的变化是开始探索社会主义市场经济体制,1992年提出经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,农村经济体制改革有家庭联产承包责任和发展乡镇企业,城市经济体制改革的重点则是国企改革,这些都是课本的基础知识的再现。

此问属于开放型题目,只要言之有理就能得分。

阅读理解

Steve, a twelve-year-old boy with alcoholic parents, was about to be lost forever, by the U.S. education system. He had been failing since first grade. Steve was a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a twelve year old, yet, Steve went unnoticed... until Miss White.

Miss White was a smiling, young, beautiful redhead, and Steve was in love! For the first time in his young life, he couldn’t take his eyes off his teacher; yet, still he failed. He never did his homework, and he was always in trouble with Miss White. His heart would break he was punished for failing to turn in his homework! Still, he did not study.

    In the middle of the first term of school, the entire seventh grade was tested for basic skills. Steve hurried through his tests, and continued to dream of other things.  His heart was in the woods, where he often escaped alone, trying to shut out the sights, sounds and smells of his alcoholic home. 

One day, Miss White’s impatient voice broke into his daydreams.

“Steve!” he turned to look at her.

“Pay attention!”

Steve locked his eyes on Miss White with adolescent adoration, as she began to go over the test results for the seventh grade.

“You all did pretty well,” she told the class, “except for one boy, and it breaks my heart to tell you this, but...” She hesitated.

“...The smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class!”

She just stared at Steve, as the class turned around for a good look. Steve dropped his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.

After that, it was war!! Steve still wouldn’t do his homework even as the punishments became more severe.

“Just try it! ONE WEEK!” He was unmoved.

You’re smart enough! You’ll see a change!” Nothing happened.

“Give yourself a chance! Don’ give up on your life!” Nothing.

“Steve! Please! I care about you!”

Wow! Suddenly, Steve got it!! Someone cared about him? Someone, totally perfect, CARED ABOUT HIM!

Steve went home from school, thoughtful, that afternoon.  He, quickly, gathered up his camping things, this time including his schoolbooks. Determined, he headed for the woods.

The following Monday he arrived at school on time, and he waited for Miss White to enter the classroom. She walked in, all sparkle and smiles! God, she was beautiful! He expected her smile to turn on him. It did not.

Miss White, immediately, gave a quiz on the weekend homework. Steve hurried through the test, and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of surprise, Miss White took his paper. Obviously puzzled, she began to look it over. Steve walked back to his desk, his heart beating within his chest. As he sat down, he couldn’t resist another look at the lovely woman.

Miss White’s face was in total shock! She glanced up at Steve, then down, then up. Suddenly, her face broke into a bright smile. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!

From that moment nothing was the same for Steve. Life at home remained the same, but life still changed. He discovered that not only could he learn, but he was good at it! And he continued this course throughout his school life.

After high-school Steve entered the Navy, and he had a successful military career.  During his Naval career, he inspired many young people, who without him, might not have believed in themselves.

You see, it’s simple, really. A change took place within the heart of one boy, all because of one teacher, who cared.                          

1. How did Miss White’s expression change when she got Steve’s paper?   

A. satisfied —shocked —surprised —puzzled        B. puzzled —surprised —shocked —satisfied

C. surprised —puzzled —shocked —satisfied             D. surprised —shocked —satisfied —puzzled

2. Which of the following statements is NOT right according to the passage? 

A. Steve fell in love with Miss White at the first sight of her.

B. Steve’s parents were so addicted to drinking that they paid little attention to Steve’s life.

C. Steve would rather stay in the woods to keep himself away from his home.

D. Having being punished many times, Steve determined to work hard and passed his first test.

3. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?

A. The difference a teacher can make                        B. The school life of a stubborn boy

C. The importance of family education                      D. The skills of being a good teacher

判断题