问题 选择题

能用键能大小解释的是(  )

A.N2的化学性质比O2稳定得多

B.常温常压下,溴呈液态,碘呈固态

C.稀有气体一般很难发生化学反应

D.硝酸易挥发而磷酸难挥发

答案

答案:A

材料题

根据材料回答下列问题。

材料一:1863年1月1日起,凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内,或一州的指明地区之内,为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由……

——《解放黑人奴隶宣言》

材料二:在合众国境内受合众国管辖的任何地方,奴隶制和强制劳役都不得存在,但作为对于依法判罪的人的犯罪的惩罚除外。

——《美利坚合众国宪法》第十三条修正案(1865年)

材料三:美国1964年的民权法允许联邦司法部门对凡是实行种族隔离的公共设施和学校进行起诉,并对继续进行种族歧视的公共性计划停发联邦资助……1965年选举权法旨在彻底消除南部各州对黑人选民设置的种种歧视性选举资格限制……1968年国会通过民权运动时期最后一个重要的民权法案,禁止在租房和买卖房屋方面的种族歧视行为。

回答:

(1)材料一中的《解放黑人奴隶宣言》是谁签署的?他是在什么情况下签署该宣言的?

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(2)材料一和材料二中关于黑人奴隶的规定有何不同?结合所学知识,说明材料二的规定对解决南北矛盾起到什么作用。

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(3)根据材料三并结合所学知识,指出材料三中各项法律颁布的共同背景;这些法律没有完全解决黑人的不平等地位问题,为什么?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

(4)结合所学知识,概括指出上述材料反映出的黑人地位逐渐改善的原因。

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单项选择题

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial, for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts, for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets, and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern work, or--independently of any course --simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

According to this passage, ______.

A. English is a sexist language
B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language
D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientist