问题 论述题

在市场经济中,企业在利润的驱使下,进行大规模的商品生产,导致化石能源的大量消耗,二氧化碳排放剧增,引发一系列环境问题。

一些学者建议政府依据企业生产过程中燃烧煤炭、石油等化石燃料排放的碳量,对其征收碳税,以减少二氧化碳的排放。

运用经济学常识中的相关知识,分析市场在调节二氧化碳排放方面存在的问题,并说明学者建议政府征收碳税的经济学道理。

答案

(1)在市场经济中,由于价值规律的自发调节,许多企业为了自身利益,大量排放二氧化碳,导致环境问题,这是一种市场失灵的表现。

(2)政府通过征收碳税,增加碳排放企业的生产成本,激励企业生产向低碳方向发展,弥补市场调节的不足。

本题以征收碳排放税为背景,考查市场经济的有关知识。回答此题要运用到国家宏观调控的必要性知识。市场经济有自发性、盲目性和滞后性的弱点与缺陷,需要加强国家的宏观调控来弥补。把市场调节与宏观调控结合起来。材料中政府通过征收碳税来减少二氧化碳的排放。这是国家运用经济手段进行宏观调控。

阅读理解

If you look up the word “create” in the dictionary , you will find it means “to bring into being, to cause to exist something each of us does daily”.

We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way First, this includes an awareness of our surroundings.It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world.This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture(质地),as well as taste, when we plan a meal.Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.

A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things.If we believe the expression,“There is nothing new under the sun, the creativity is remaking or recombining(重组) the old in new ways.”For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.

A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to ask for them to achieve some new results.To think up a new idea is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.

These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses, but they are also included in many of our day-to-day activities.

小题1:Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?

A.To prepare for a meal.

B.To arrange the furniture in a special way.

C.To buy some books from a bookstore.

D.To“write”a letter with the computer.小题2:“There is nothing new under the sun” really implies that _________.

A.a new thing can only be created at the basis of earlier things

B.a new thing is only a tale

C.we can seldom create new things

D.we can hardly see really new things in the world小题3:What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into

practice?

A.It’s more difficut to create a new thought than to use it in practice.

B.To find a new thought will clearly lead to the production of a new thing.

C.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.

D.One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.小题4:The best title for this passage is__________.

A.How to Develop One’s Creativity

B.What Is Creativity

C.The Importance of Creativity

D.Creativity, a Not Faraway Thing

单项选择题