问题 综合

黄土高原水土流失较南方低山丘陵区严重,但南方低山丘陵区因水土流失而造成的直接和间接的经济损失比黄土高原却有过之而无不及,试从影响自然灾害危害的地域差异的因素角度加以分析说明。

答案

(1)从自然地理背景看,这里属于亚热带湿润气候,年降水量较大,多河流发育;地貌多为较薄的地表疏松层覆盖的石质山地,一旦侵蚀,岩石裸露,难以恢复。

(2)从人文地理背景看,首先,这里人多地少,因地处亚热带,水热条件好,单位土地的生物生长量和产值高,单位面积水土流失所造成的经济损失和社会影响都大;其次,本区为江河下游地区,人口稠密,城镇集中,多为重要的工农业生产基地和经济中心,水土流失对这些地区造成的影响会更大。

本题旨在说明自然灾害危害的地域差异。强度相当的同一种灾害发生在不同的地点和时间,其损害程度可能大不相同。这主要是取决于地理背景的差异。因此应从自然和人文两个方面来加以分析。

从自然地理背景看,表现出的差异是水土流失在黄土高原发生得更加严重,因此危害的差异应是更多地来源于两地的人文地理背景的差异,如该地区的社会经济发展情况,土地的单位面积产值情况,人口经济密度等;当然,也必须考虑到该区自然条件方面的特殊性,如属于低山丘陵地区,土质比之黄土高原更浅薄,更易流失,却难以恢复。所以既要对比分析,又要联系实际,进行逻辑推理,由因及果地综合分析。

填空题
单项选择题

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172words a minute (19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

A.good
B.curious
C.poor
D.urgent