问题 填空题

怎样看待战后发达资本主义国家经济获得较快发展?

答案

(1)战后发达资本主义国家经济获得较快发展,主要原因就在于它采取了一些自我调节的手段。具体地讲,主要有三个方面:

一是进行了社会改良。为了缓解资本主义社会固有的内在矛盾,西方资本主义国家在其根本制度所许可的范围内,对生产关系的某些方面作了一些较大幅度的调节、改良,同时,在一定程度上改善了劳动人民的生存环境。

二是对经济实行政府干预和宏观调控。资本主义国家在总结以往经验的基础上,加强国家干预,加大宏观调控力度,在一定程度上减缓了市场经济的波动性、盲目性和破坏性,在很大程度上促进了经济发展。

三是加强了对科技创新和新兴产业的扶持。西方国家对科技开发的投入不断增加,促进了新技术、新材料的发明和应用,从而几倍、几十倍甚至几百倍地提高了劳动生产率。

(2)当代资本主义所进行的调节和改良,从根本上讲,都没有触动资本主义私人占有和生产日益社会化之间的固有矛盾。资本主义的本质特征并没有变。它们对生产力与生产关系之间不平衡和不适应的自我调节,只能在其根本制度容许的范围内来进行,这就决定了资本主义私有制与社会化大生产之间的矛盾无法克服。

(3)马克思主义经典作家科学地揭示了资本主义产生、发展和必然灭亡的规律,以及社会主义、 * * 主义必然胜利的人类历史发展的大趋势。同时,马克思也明确指出:“无论哪一个社会形态,在它所能容纳的全部生产力发挥出来以前,是决不会灭亡的;而新的更高的生产关系,在它的物质存在条件在旧社会的胎胞里成熟以前,是决不会出现的。”从发展趋势看,资本主义无疑将作出进一步的调节和干预来缓解矛盾和危机。但只要这种调节和干预还是在私有制的框架内进行,那么,它的作用就必定是有限的。在另一方面,只要资本主义制度还没有发挥完它所能容纳的全部生产力,社会主义就还得和资本主义在同一个地球上并存下去。

19世纪中叶,马克思、恩格斯就宣布资本主义必然灭亡;令人感到困惑的是,在20世纪,资本主义尽管发生过世界性经济危机,经历过两次世界大战,不但没有灭亡,反而获得了很大的发展。少数发达资本主义国家在经济、科技、军事等领域明显地占有优势。本题命题意图就在于引导我们正确认识战后发达资本主义国家经济获得较快发展的原因,同时也要科学地认识现象背后的本质性问题。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they

can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.

     They say they can afford these things. But I don't agree with them. Waste can bring a lot of

problems. Although China is rich in some resources(资源) , we are short of (缺乏) others, for

example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal(煤) or oil to use in 100 years.

So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move?

Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody

should stop wasting as soon as possible.

     In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example,

turn off the water taps(水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the

classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything

will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.      

1. From the passage we know that some students often _____ in the school.  

A. eat too much    

B. don't work hard

C. waste things    

D. throw rubbish everywhere

2. Which is not mentioned in this passage?   

A. Fresh water.  

B. Forest.

C. Oil.        

D. Coal.

3. Which of the following is right?

A. Waste brings problems.  

B. Waste can bring no problem.   

C. China is rich in fresh water.  

D. Students never waste things.

4. Which is the best title of this passage?

A. Stop Wasting  

B. School life  

C. Waste in the School  

D. Rich Resources in China

选择题