问题 实验题

在“探究电流跟电阻关系”的实验中,小刚设计的实验电路图

如图11所示:

(1)请用笔划线代替导线,按电路图将实物连接起来。(2分)

(2)连线的时候,开关要         ,滑动变阻器的作用是                      

                                                                   。(3分)

(3)移动滑动变阻器的滑片,使电压表的示数为2V,读出并记下电流值;再将5Ω的电阻改接成10Ω的电阻,发现电压表示数大于2V,于是他下一步的操作是:

将滑动变阻器的滑片向__          __(填“左”或“右”)移动(以电路图来判断),

使            并记下电流值;再改接20Ω的电阻,重复上述实验。(2分)

答案

2) 断开   保护电路,避免电流过大   使定值电阻两端的电压不变 

(3) 右     电压表的示数等于2V   

析:(1)根据电路图连接实物图时,注意导线不要交叉;电流表串联、电压表并联在电路中,且选择合适的量程,电流从“+”接线柱流入,从“-”接线柱流出;滑动变阻器串联在电路中,采用“一上一下”的接法.

(2)为人身安全和防止烧坏电路元件,连接电路过程中,电路要处于断路状态;滑动变阻器在电路中的作用有:保护电路,避免电流过大烧坏用电器;改变导体两端电压和电路中的电流.

(3)在串联电路中,导体两端电压与其阻值成正比.电阻发生变化,两端电压相应的发生改变,要保持电压不变,就要调节与电阻串联的滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻以改变电压.

解答:解:

(1)因为电源电压由两节干电池提供,所以电压表选择0~3V量程;假设电压全部加在电阻水面,最大电流为=0.6A,所以电流表选择0~0.6A量程;电压表以外的其它元件组成串联电路,电压表与电阻并联.

(2)在连接电路过程中,为防止短路烧坏元件或电源,开关要断开.

探究电流与电阻的关系,由于定值电阻阻值较小,为保护电路,滑动变阻器滑片要处于最大阻值处.实验过程中,要改变接入电路的电阻,同时保持接入电路的电阻两端电压不变.电阻改变,两端电压要保持不变,需要移动滑动变阻器的滑片,改变滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻大小.

(3)在串联电路中,定值电阻由5Ω增大为10Ω,两端电压相应增大,不再是2V.要使10Ω电阻两端电压降低为2V,需要增大滑动变阻器两端电压.根据串联电阻两端电压与其阻值成正比,滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻要增大,由图知,需向右调节滑片,直到电压表示数为2V.

故答案为:

(1)实物连接如下图:

(2)断开;使定值电阻两端的电压不变  

(3)右,电压表的示数等于2V

单项选择题
阅读理解

In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.

Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding (点头) your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty.

The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen _______ .

A. were foreigners                   B. didn't have tickets

C. made a loud noise              D. didn't line up for the bus

According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should ________.

A. learn the language of the country

B. understand the manners and customs of the country

C. have enough time and money

D. make friends with the people there

In India it is considered impolite ________.

A. to use the right hand for passing food at table.

B. to pass food with the left hand.

C. to eat food with your hands.

D. to help yourself at table.

The best title (题目) for this article is ________.

A. People's Everyday Life

B. Mind Your Manners

C. Shaking and Nodding Head 

D. Taking a Bus in England