问题 判断题

有机化合物F是环已烯酮类除草剂(如烯草酮,烯禾定等)的重要合成中间体,F的合成路线如下:

                 

除草剂烯禾定的合成方法为:

(烯禾定)

F

⑴ 给出A、B、C、D、E的结构简式

⑵ 给出C和F的系统命名

C___________________________________,F____________     ___________________

⑶ 巴豆醛(CH3CH=CHCHO)是重要的有机化工原料,酒精厂利用原料优势生产巴豆醛可大大提高经济效益,请给出酒精厂合成巴豆醛的方案。

⑷ 给出G、H可能的结构简式

答案

       (5分,各1分)

⑵ C:6-乙巯基-3-庚烯-2-酮 或  6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮

F:  (2分,各1分)

⑶ 乙醇氧化制乙醛,乙醛缩合脱水得到巴豆醛 (以方程式表示也给分) 2分

⑷ G:CH3CH2CH2COCl(Br,I),(CH3CH2CH2CO)2O等酰化试剂,丁酸+POCl3/SOCl2,CH3CH2CH2COOR+R’ONa, 只单独写丁酸,丁酸酯不给分   (1分)

F:NH2OCH2CH3     (1分)

⑴此问的难度不大,但是要熟悉各重要的有机反应类型。从生成A的物质类别来看,它是不饱和醛与硫醇的迈克尔加成反应(1,4-加成)。同样,乙酰乙酸乙酯与A在弱碱性条件下,发生酮式分解,产物为丙酮的衍生物,即B。B失水,生成共轭的不饱和酮C。C与丙二酸二乙酯反应,同样体现出丙二酸二乙酯1,3-二羰基化合物的性质,即该物质在碱性条件下生成亲核试剂与C发生迈克尔加成生成D,D发生分子内的酮酯缩合生成F。

当然,此题也可以用逆推法,同样能推导出A、B、C、D、F的结构式。

⑵C属于烯酮类的物质,根据此类物质命名方法,母体名称为3-庚烯-2-酮,-SC2H5(乙巯基)为取代基,位于6号碳上,所以该物质命名为:6-乙硫基-3-庚烯-2-酮。F母体名称为1,3-环已二酮,其中在5号碳上(注意环状化合物编号方法)有一个取代基——丙基,且取代基的2号碳上有一个取代基——乙巯基,因此该取代基的名称为(2-乙巯基)丙基,所以F的系统命名为5-[(2-乙巯基)丙基]-1,3-环已二酮。

⑶从巴豆醛逆推,CH3CH=CHCHO→CH3CHO→CH3CH2OH,设计合成路线。

⑷烯禾定的表示形式为烯醇式,因此也可以表示为酮的形式,如下:

该结构从F出发,可用逆推法确定反应是什么:

1处从1,3-二酮存在活性亚甲基的角度出发,选择酰基化试剂,同时也为2处成C=N的形成提供了反应位置,即羰基与NH2-OC2H5反应。所以G为:酰基化试剂,H为NH2-OC2H5 。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Dr. Julie Coulton, a British psychologist, focuses her research on the extraordinary function of the

play in the physical and spiritual development of children and Martti Bergson from the University of

Helsinki shows that playing outside, in the open air, contributes to a better development of the brain.

     Thus parents must encourage their children to spend as much time as possible in the open air, and

at the same time, to ask schools and kindergartens to assure the small a playground outside. Recent

statistics (数据) and studies show an alarming increase of the number of hours spent by children in

front of the TV and the computer and a decrease of the time spent outside.

     As a consequence more and more children suffer from eye problems and have to wear glasses.

Also the problem of fatness among children concerns many parents who don't know what to do

anymore to make their children eat healthy and balanced.

     Children need a space where to develop their creativity mid parents should encourage them all the

time. Too many rules hold back the child's personality and creativity and prevent them to develop the

desire to know, to find out, to learn.

     If you tell your child so many times: "Don't do that, don't mess the room, don't go there ...", he

will lose the desire to do something, anything. Parents must watch their children without suffocating

(窒息) them. Should you consider they mustn't do that or this, you have to logically explain them your

reasons and they will understand.

     Through playing a child learns how to communicate, how to take decisions. Playing is connected

to the intellectual, emotional and social progress of the child. Playing lets your children learn how to

express his feelings.

1. What is worrying the scientists is that ______.

A. most parents pay no attention to their children's playing

B. most schools and kindergartens have no playgrounds

C. most parents encourage their children to watch TV or go surfing

D. most children spend more time on TV or tile Internet than on playing outside

2. Children who watch TV or surf the Internet too much may suffer all the following EXCEPT ______.

A. eye problems  

B. weight problems  

C. lack of creativity  

D. lack of interest in their lessons

3. The author advises us ______.

A. to allow children to do whatever we want them to do

B. never to forbid children to do anything they want to do

C. to explain why when you don't let children do something

D. to watch children playing anytime to ensure their safety

4. Which would be a best title for this passage?

A. How to develop the brain of your children better  

B. Playing is good for your children in many aspects

C. Teaching your children what and how to play      

D. Don't forbid your children to do anything

单项选择题