问题 实验题

(8分)某学习小组做以下实验:在溴水中加入足量乙醛溶液,充分反应,溴水褪色;为探究褪色的原因,他们提出了如下猜想:

①溴水中的Br2可能与乙醛发生取代反应,产生HBr;      

②乙醛分子中含有不饱和键,溴水可能与乙醛发生加成反应;

③乙醛具有还原性,溴水可能将乙醛氧化为乙酸,Br2转化为HBr      

设计如下方案进行探究:

方案(一):检验褪色后溶液的酸碱性,确定其发生哪类反应;

方案(二):测定反应前溴水中Br2的物质的量和反应后 Br-的物质的量确定其发生哪类反应; 反应类型选项有:①氧化反应 ②取代反应③加成反应

(1)              假设测得反应前溴水中Br2的物质的量为a mol,

i若测得反应后n(Br-)= 0 mol, 说明溴水与乙醛发生了            反应;(从上面提供的反应类型选项中选择,然后将序号写在答题纸上,下同)

ii若测得反应后n(Br-) = a mol,说明溴水与乙醛发生了            反应;

iii若测得反应后n(Br-)= 2a mol,说明溴水与乙醛发生了            反应。

(2)向含Br2 0.005mol的溴水中加入足量乙醛使其褪色,然后加过量的AgNO3溶液,过滤、洗涤、干燥、称量,得到固体1.88克。已知CH3COOAg易溶于水,通过计算,判断溴水与乙醛发生的反应为     (填序号):①氧化反应 ②取代反应③加成反应

(3)方案(一)是否可行?___   ___ ,原因是:                            

答案

(1)i ;ii;iii ;(3分):

(2)①(2分);(3)否(1分),取代和氧化都有酸生成,无法通过反应后溶液呈酸性确定反应类型(2分)。

若测得反应后n(Br-)= 0 mol, 说明溴水与乙醛发生了加成反应。若测得反应后n(Br-) = a mol,说明溴水与乙醛发生了取代反应。若测得反应后n(Br-)= 2a mol,说明溴水与乙醛发生了氧化反应。计算出反应后溴水为2amol ,为氧化反应。不可行,因为氧化和加成后都有酸性,无法判断。

完形填空

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I began my high school years, I was quite interested in biology. I read lots of books of my father’s about animals, and I was   36   much educated about such matters as a 16-year-old could be.

One Sunday afternoon, I was   37  with friends about animals. I said the whale(鲸鱼)was  __38  a mammal animal. They disagreed. Finally, I called a   39  over to help settle the matter. I knew I was  40 , so I was looking forward to the teacher  41   I was right. My friends were eager for an opposite answer. We asked her   42 the whale was a mammal. “No, the whale is a fish,” she said without a moment’s   43  .

You could have knocked me over with a feather. My   44   was hurt because I lost the argument, but that wasn’t the main reason I was too  45 to speak. I still knew I was right, which   __46  the teacher was wrong. Not only was she wrong,   47  she was completely ignorant(无知的) about something I thought was   48   knowledge. But she was a teacher who had taught a long time. Everyone   49   her and no one else thought she could be wrong.

__50  that, I hadn’t known grown-ups could be wrong. This   51  shaped the way I viewed people as I grew up.   52   I found anyone treated another person with too much respect and admiration, I thought——and still think——“   53  silly.” From that point on, I had no  54__ for authority(权威). To earn my respect, you have to be smart or  55   . I’ll never respect you just because you happen to be in charge or have a degree.

36. A. as  B. so       C. too          D. very

37. A. meeting       B. working     C. arguing      D. staying

38. A. about    B. like         C. beside      D. above

39. A. professor     B. biologist     C. librarian     D. teacher

40. A. clever   B. fight       C. creative    D. silly

41. A. proving       B. finding       C. promising   D. hoping

42. A. how     B. why        C. if      D. when

43. A. doubt   B. silence       C. regret  D. hesitation

44. A. heart    B. mind   C. pride   D. feeling

45. A. foolish  B. anxious      C. serious       D. astonished

46. A. meant   B. suggested   C. admitted     D. concluded

47. A. and         B. but     C. for           D. or

48. A. special  B. normal       C. regular       D. common

49. A. pleased B. admired     C. believed     D. loved

50. A. Before  B. After   C. Until   D. Since

51. A. fairly    B. properly     C. nearly D. greatly

52. A. Whenever    B. Although    C. While D. Whether

53. A. I’m         B. that’s  C. he’s    D. you’re

54. A. idea      B. respect       C. choice D. question

55. A. energetic      B. patient       C. talented      D. diligent

单项选择题