Part 1

• a. (1)
  " I hated all the meetings," says a 10-year award-winning manager, "and I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected." (2)
  With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if you’re on the technical side. (3)
  In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adams’s popular cartoon character— as well as many television sitcoms — routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies, they just don’t get much respect anymore.
  Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. (4)
  But in today’s global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch. (5) There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to clim
• b. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.
  Furthermore, managers now must supervise many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. (6)
  In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. (7)
  Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs, of course. (8) A. Many people don’t want to be a manager — and many people who are managers are, frankly, itching to jump off the management track — or have already.B. It’s a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too.C. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies.D. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance, marketing and technical people reporting to them.E. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist.F. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.G. American Management Association surveys say three middle managers are laid off for every one being hired.H. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.

碳酸钠是造纸、玻璃、纺织、制革等行业的重要原料。工业碳酸钠（钝度约98％）中含有Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-等杂质，提纯工艺路线如下

已知碳酸钠的溶解度（S）随温度变化的曲线如下图所示

回答下列问题

（1）滤渣的主要成分为_____________

（2）“趁热过滤”的原因是___________。

（3）若在实验室进行“趁热过滤”，可采取的措施是___________(写出一种)

（4）若“母液”循环使用，可能出现的问题及其原因是______________________。

（5）已知：

Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s)=Na₂CO₃(s)+10H₂O(g) ΔH1=+532.36 kJ·mol^-1

Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s)=Na₂CO₃·H₂O(s)+9H₂O(g) ΔH2=+473.63 kJ·mol^-1

写出Na₂CO₃·H₂O脱水反应的热化学方程式______________________。