问题 单项选择题

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things; the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be p, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may he of service to them, and help them change this habit.

Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

People who are unhappy ().

A. always consider things differently from others

B. usually are affected by the results of certain things

C. usually misunderstand what others think or say

D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

判断题。从第2段第4句话Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things可以看出另一些人为什么感到不幸福的原因。故选D。

单项选择题

技术跨越发展是指后进国家吸收世界先进技术,开展自主创新,跨越技术发展的某些阶段,直接应用、开发新技术和新产品,形成优势产业,在技术和经济方面实现迅速追赶。
历史已经证明,技术跨越是后进国家追赶先进国家的必由之路。第一次产业革命以来,世界技术和经济中心从英国转移到德国,再转移到北美,无不是依靠技术创新实现技术跨越的结果。二次世界大战之后,日本大量吸收西方先进技术,并实施反向工程,向国际市场推出有竞争力的产品,从而实现了针对欧美的技术和经济赶超。到了20世纪80年代后期,日本在不少技术领域赶上或超过了美国,并成为世界第二经济大国。东亚的一些国家和地区仿效日本技术创新模式,也迅速发展成为新兴工业化经济体。斯堪的纳维亚诸国是技术相对落后的发达国家,但是,他们采用了跨越策略,现在一举成为电信产业先进国,出现了爱立信、诺基亚等世界知名公司,这些国家的社会信息化水平也名列前茅。
近年来,技术跨越策略也受到一些国际机构的重视。世界银行在其1998—1999年发展报告《知识与发展》中说,在知识成为战略性资产之日,正是由于存在着巨大的技术差距,发展中国家遇到了迅速赶上发达国家的大好机遇。在电信领域,吉布提、马尔代夫、毛里求斯和卡塔尔等发展中国家直接采用新技术,它们跨越了金属导线和信号模拟阶段,实现了电信网络数字化。而先进工业化国家仍有半数电话网络使用高成本的落后技术。
我们对绿色革命记忆犹新。绿色革命首先发生在南亚,是发展中国家利用世界知识宝库实现农业技术跨越的一个范例。绿色革命发祥地印度很快成为粮食、棉花和其他经济作物的出口国。由于推广绿色革命,亚洲和南美的粮食产量从20世纪60年代以来增加了一倍以上。
事实上,目前很多发展中国家都全面或者局部地运用了技术跨越策略。世界贸易组织前总干事鲁杰罗指出,因为发展中国家普遍运用跨越策略,世界经济力量正在从北向南和从西向东转移。英国和美国实现工业化所花的时间分别为150年和100年,而亚洲仅用了不到一代(三十年)的时间。约占世界人口30%的10个发展中国家,在从1980年到1995年的15年内实现了人均收入倍增。世界银行预测,从现在到2020年,发展中国家的经济增长率可达5%—6%,这意味着,它们占世界国内生产总值的份额,将从1992年的16%提高到那时的30%。这些数字说明发展中国家将通过技术跨越达到经济增长的高速度。

下列事件中,不属于技术跨越的是( )。

A.二战后,日本吸收西方技术,经济得到迅速提高

B.发展中国家,通过技术改革,变成农业出口国

C.印度学习中国的计划生育政策

D.斯堪的纳维亚诸国是技术相对落后的发达国家,他们采用了跨越策略,成为电信产业先进国

单项选择题