问题 问答题

国家提出要建设一个针对特定灾害的防灾预警系统,以减少灾害损失.共有三个互斥的建设方案,寿命期均为20年。根据统计资料分析及专家论证,如果不建造该预警系统,预期未来每年灾害经济损失为120亿元,如果建造该防灾预警系统,除需要初始投资外,每年还需要支付系统维护费用,但可降低每年预期灾害损失。各方案的初始投资、每年运营维护费用及预期年损失等资料见表5-3。设定基准收益率为8%。
表5-3各方案投资、费用及预期损失表 单位:亿元

方案 初始投资 年运营维护费用 预期年损失
1 120 12 70
2 210 20 90
3 250 30 30
【问题】1.计算各方案初始投资的费用年值和各方案预期每年减少损失的效益。
2.项目财务评价人员拟采用费用年值比较法来评价三个方案的优劣,请判断该方法是否恰当,为什么
3.请利用效益/费用分析法判断哪些方案不可行,哪些方案可行,并请从中选择出一个最优方案。

答案

参考答案:1.方案1的初始投资的费用年值=120(A/P,8%,20)=12.222(亿元)
方案2的初始投资的费用年值=210(A/P,8%,20)=21.389(亿元)
方案3的初始投资的费用年值=250(A/P,8%,20)=25.463(亿元)
方案1预期每年减少损失的效益=120-70=50(亿元)
方案2预期每年减少损失的效益=120-90=30(亿元)
方案3预期每年减少损失的效益=120-30=90(亿元)
乙费用年值比较法适用于效益相同或基本相同,又难于具体估算效益的方案进行比较的情况,而本题中三个方案的效益显然不同,所以不宜采用该方法。
3.方案1的效益/费用=50÷(12.222+12)=2.06>1
方案2的效益/费用=30÷(21.389+20)=0.72<1
方案3的效益/费用=90÷(25.463+30)=1.62>1
由此可以看出,方案1和方案3是可行的,方案2在经济上不可行。进一步比较方案1和方案3:
差额效益/差额费用=(90-50)÷(25.463+30-12.222-12)=1.28>1
所以投资额大的方案优,即方案3优。

完形填空

第四部分:任务型阅读(每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据短文的内容要点完成文章后的表格。注意:补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求,每空只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上的相应位置。
To tweet, or not to tweet?
A guide to the social networking/ microblogging service Tewitter
SINCE its creation in 2006, Twitter, the social networking service, has taken cyber space by storm. At first glance it might seem like Facebook, but Twitter is in a league of its own, connecting people with fast-paced updates. It has become a place for activities, celebrities, businesses and everyday people to let others know about videos, opinions, interesting news, advertisements-and, yes what they are eating for lunch.
Twitter: n. a free social networking service that connects users through fast-paced status updates.
Twitter-er: n. one who uses Twitter.
Tweet: n. short updates or messages, of 140 characters or less, wh ich are posted on your profile and sent to your followers.
Retweet (RT): n. unofficial Twitter feature that indicates a re-posting of a tweet from another user. Often uses the text RT@username (of the original source) before the post.
Follower: n. one who receives another user’s updates on his or her Twitter profile.
Direct message: n. a private message sent from one Twitter-er to another.
The phenomenon includes a host of new vocabulary terms and concepts that every self-respecting Twitter-er should know. Here’s a quick course on Twitter.
So you’ve finally been swept up by the techno-tide and gotten a Twitter account. But what to write? Who knew 140 characters could be so overwhelming?
Darren Rowse of the TwiTip blog(www.twitip.com) recommends a two- step tweeting process: figure out what your follows want, and then give it to them. Some combination of cool links, conversation- starting quotes or questions , retweets and photos works well, Rowse writes.
Keep in mind that Twitter doesn’t directly offer photo hosting. You will need to use a third-party site like TwitPic (www.twitip.com) to upload your photos. Other sites, like TwitVid (tweetdeck.com/beta) can be used to post videos.
If you th ink the Twitter Web Site too complicated, try a Twiiter client—Tweetdeck(tweetdeck. Com/beta) and the Mac-only Tweetie(www. stebits. com)are popular, and both also are available as iPhone apps(应用程序).
Even without an iphone, you can update you Twitter on the go. After adding your phone number to your Twitter account, you can text updates to 40404(check Twitter’s Web site for numbers to use outside the United States)
But no matter how you tweet, remember that people can see what you post, and Twitter might not be the best place to complain about your boss, even if you make your Twitter private, your followers may not share your sense of discretion.
Twitter is crowded with celebrith accounts. The famous , who once avoided the media in their private lives, are posting everything on Twitter for all the cyber world to see, gathering followers in the millions. Who’s leading the celebrity pack? TwitterCounter(www.twittercounter.com), a site that tracks the most popular Twitter users, lists Ashton Kuntcher and former fashion model, as the nost popular Twitter-er with, as of our publication date, 2,691,112 followers.
Title: To tweet, or not to tweet?
Introductionto Twitter
(71)     in 2006, twitter, the soclal networking service, has enjoyed(72)    among the cyber world.
Basic Twitter(73)    
●twitter
●twitter-er
●tweet
●retwwet
(74)     to tweet your tweets
●Follow a two-step tweeting process, according to the (75)    of Darren Rowse.
●Use a third-party site to upload your photos and post videos.
●Try Twitter clients to help you (76)   Twitter, among which the Tweet-deck and the Mac-only Tweetie are well (77)    .
●Add your phone number to your Twitter account if you don’t have an iPhone.
●Be(78)   of what you post even if your twitter is made private
Celebrity twitter-ers
Celebrties now are (79)    about tweeting, among whom Ashton Kutcher is the most popular, (80)    by the largest number of twitter users.
 
选择题