问题 单项选择题 A1型题

肾病综合征的治疗措施中,哪项是错误的()

A.用糖皮质激素

B.用免疫抑制剂

C.预防感染

D.增加营养、高蛋白饮食

E.中药治疗

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

这是一道综合应用题,主要考核学生对肾病综合征病理生理和治疗的理解和掌握。错选率不高,主要错选答案E。目前认为肾病综合征是一组免疫紊乱性疾病,其特异性的治疗是肾上腺皮质激素。对于部分激素治疗效果不佳时常加用免疫抑制剂。由于血清IgG从尿里丢失,使患者免疫力下降,易感染。另外,感染常导致患者病情的复发或反复,因此,应预防感染。由于大量的蛋白质从尿里丢失,患者常伴蛋白质营养不良。治疗应给予同龄儿童正常需要量的热量和蛋白质。

但是,蛋白质的量不宜过多,因为供给过多的蛋白质致合成肝脏合成蛋白质增加,从肾小球滤过丢失的蛋白质也增加,长期大量的蛋白质滤出所致高滤过可促进肾小球硬化,尤其是对治疗效果不佳的患儿。理解以上病理生理特点,选出正确答案也就不难了。部分同学错选E的原因可能是目前中医中药对肾病综合征的治疗效果目前尚不够理想,第5版教材未提及中医中药治疗;但是这并不是说中医中药治疗是错误的,因为中医中药治疗也是有一定效果的,常作为辅助治疗。

阅读理解

One day, a farmer was walking along a road with his son Thomas. The father said, “Look! There’s a horseshoe, pick it up and put it in your bag.” Thomas said, “It isn’t worth the trouble.” His father said nothing but he picked it up himself. When they got to a nearby town, they had a rest. There the farmer sold the horseshoe and with the few pennies he bought some cherries(樱桃).

The father and the son continued their way. The sun was well up in the sky, and there wasn’t a house or even a tree where they could have a rest. Thomas felt too thirsty to walk on. At this time, his father dropped a cherry on the ground and Thomas picked it up quickly and ate it. After a while, his father dropped another cherry and once again, his son lost no time in picking it up and putting it in his mouth.

And so they went on. The old farmer dropped the cherries and the son picked them up. When Thomas had eaten up all the cherries, his father said to him, “My dear son, if you had bent(弯腰) down early to pick up that horseshoe, it would not have been necessary for you to bend so many times for the cherries. Always remember the lesson that he who does not worry about the little things will find that he cannot do the great things.”

小题1:Who picked up the horseshoe at last?

A.The son.

B.The father.

C.Both the father and the son.

D.Neither the father nor the son.小题2:The farmer bought ______ with the money after he sold the horseshoe.

A.some bread

B.some water

C.some cherries

D.some pennies小题3:The father dropped the cherries one by one, because ______.

A.he wanted to teach his son a lesson

B.he wanted his son to do more exercise

C.he wanted his son to eat them all

D.he wanted to laugh at his son小题4:From the story, we can learn that ______.

A.cherries are so delicious that most of us like to eat them

B.a horseshoe is so expensive that it can bring us a lot of money

C.if we want to eat cherries, we must pick up a horseshoe

D.if we don’t worry about the little things we cannot do the great things

单项选择题 A1/A2型题