问题 单项选择题 A1型题

动脉导管未闭时,下列哪项体征一般是不存在的()

A.脉压增宽

B.胸骨左缘第2、3肋间连续性杂音

C.二尖瓣区舒张期杂音

D.三尖瓣区舒张期杂音

E.股动脉枪击音

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

这是一道理解记忆题,主要考核学生对动脉导管未闭杂音产生机制和听诊特点的理解及记忆。错选率较高,达25%。主要错选答案为C.二尖瓣区舒张期杂音,少数选为A.脉压增宽。这是一道否定题,宜选出正确答案作排除性考虑,对找出"不存在"的答案是较合理答题途径。动脉导管未闭杂音听诊的体征取决于其病理生理特点,我们顺着病理性途径就可以找出正确选项。

一般情况下,由于主动脉压力较肺动脉为高,故不论在收缩期或舒张期,血液均自主动脉向肺动脉分流,使胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻连续性杂音,故答案B叙述正确。由于主动脉血流经常流入肺动脉,使周围动脉舒张压下降而致脉压增宽,故答案A叙述正确。而动脉舒张压降低,可出现类似主动脉瓣关闭不全的周围血管体征,当脉压显著增宽时,可闻及股动脉枪击声,故答案E叙述正确。在分流量大的患者,因相对性二尖瓣狭窄而在心尖部出现舒张中期隆隆样杂音,故答案C叙述正确。这样就只剩下了D项,如答题时不知其正确与否,但从以上4项肯定是正确的,也只有选D了。而反过来,也可以直接看哪项是错的。

由于动脉导管未闭患者在一般情况下,血液均自主动脉向肺动脉分流,属左向右分流型心脏病,回流至右心房和右心室的血液减少,故不会引起相对性三尖瓣狭窄所致的三尖瓣区舒张期杂音。理解了这些就容易选出正确答案。错选答案C的原因是未理解动脉导管未闭时,主动脉血分流至肺动脉,肺循环血量增加;回到左心房,再进入左心室的血量也增加,导致二尖瓣相对狭窄而可产生舒张期杂音。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One day an old man is selling(卖) a big elephant. A young man comes to the elephant and begins to

look at it slowly. The old man goes up to him and says in his ear," Don't say anything about the elephant

before I sell it.  Then I will give you twenty dollars. "  "All right,"  says the young man. After the old man

sells  the  elephant,   he gives the young man twenty  dollars  and says,  "Now, can you tell me how you

found the  elephant's  bad ears?"  "I didn't find the bad  ears,"  says the young man.  "Then why are you

looking at the elephant slowly?" asks the old man. The young man answers, "Because I have never seen

an elephant before, and I want to know what it looks like. "

l.         the elephant.

A.The young man sells

B. The old man sells

C. Two men sell

D. The old man buys  

2. The young man is looking at the elephant slowly. He wants to find out          .      

A. which foot of the elephant is bad

B. how heavy it is

C. which ear of the elephant is bad

D. what it looks like    

3. The young man              .      

A. knows the elephant has bad ears

B. wants to buy the elephant

C.looks after the elephant

D. gets some money from the old man   

4. The young man                .      

A.is not interested in elephants

B. knows what an elephant looks like

C. has seen some elephants before      

D. has never seen an elephant before 

5. Hearing what the young man said, the old man will  probably (很可能) be  _          .      

A. angry              

B. happy

C. dangerous          

D. hungry

单项选择题