问题 实验题

(5分)现代地球上生活的各种生物都是由古代的生物进化来的。科学家根据亲缘关系的远近,用生物“进化树”(如下图所示)形象而简明地表示生物进化的主要历程。请据图回答:

(1)进化树中标号③、④所代表的植物及桫椤的共同特征是生殖过程离不开     

(2)标号②代表的动物,大多数成体用   呼吸,皮肤有辅助呼吸功能。

(3)进化树上标出的属于我国一级保护的哺乳动物是     

(4)进化树上标出的属于我国一级保护的蕨类植物是      

(5)观察进化树,图中亲缘关系最近的两种生物是       

答案

(1)水

(2)肺

(3)大熊猫

(4)桫椤

(5)鲤鱼、鲫鱼

题目分析:进化树中①代表昆虫,②代表两栖动物,③代表藻类植物,④代表苔藓植物,⑤代表被子植物,

(1)植物进化的历程为:生活在海洋中的原始藻类,经过极其漫长的年代,逐渐进化成为适应陆地生活的原始的苔藓植物和蕨类植物,使原来的不毛之地开始披上了绿装,但是,它们的生殖还都需要有水的环境,后来,一部分原始的蕨类植物进化成为原始的种子植物,包括原始的裸子植物和被子植物,由于花粉管的出现它们的生殖完全脱离了水的限制,更加适应陆地生活,所以进化树中标号③藻类植物、④苔藓植物及桫椤的共同特征是生殖过程离不开水;

(2)标号②代表的动物两栖类其发育类型属于变态发育,幼体生活在水中,用鳃呼吸,发育为变态发育,成体既能生活在水中,又能生活在陆地上,用肺呼吸,皮肤辅助呼吸;

(3)大熊猫是大熊猫科的一种哺乳动物,是世界上最可爱的动物之一,大熊猫已在地球上生存了至少800万年,被誉为“活化石”和“中国国宝”,世界自然基金会的形象大使,是世界生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,据第三次全国大熊猫野外种群调查,全世界野生大熊猫不足1600只,属于中国国家一级保护动物;

(4)桫椤属于我国一级保护植物,属于蕨类植物,有根、茎、叶的分化,无花、果实和种子;

(5)生物的分类等级从大到小依次是界、门、纲、目、科、属、种,所属的等级越小,生物的亲缘关系越近,共同特征越多,等级越大,亲缘关系越远,共同特征越少,如图可知,亲缘关系最近的两种植物是鲤鱼和鲫鱼,因为鲤鱼和鲫鱼都属于鱼纲、鲤形目、鲤科,共同特征最多。

选择题
阅读理解

C

While they were almost unknown twenty years ago, it seems that mobile phones these days are part of everyone’s life. However, as with other inventions such as the television and the computer, they are a double-edged sword, inviting both supporters and opponents, especially in regard to their use in public places like restaurants and cinemas.

One of the strongest arguments in favor of forbidding mobiles in public places is the trouble they cause to other people. For example, although we are often asked to turn off our phones when in a cinema, the film that we are watching is often interrupted by the sound of at least five rings. To make it even worse, some people insist on continuing their conversation, even though hundreds of people can hear what they say, which often drowns out the voice from the film. As a result, many people would welcome a ban on mobile phones in places where they might disturb other people.

On the other hand, there are a number of arguments against such a ban. It is difficult to stop people bringing with them their mobile phones in public places, making it almost impossible to call for a ban. Some people would see this as an infringement(侵犯)of their rights, while other people would say they need them in case of an emergency. Despite being asked to silence their phones, some people insist on leaving them on.

It seems to me that a ban on mobile phones would not have any result in the end. People will find a way to escape a ban. Nevertheless, people should be discouraged from using them in public places, unless it is highly necessary. They should be made to know that it is bad manners to use them in certain places or at certain times. Of course, there will always be someone who thinks their call is more important than others’ peace and quiet!

53. Why are many people for a ban on the use of mobiles in public places?

A. Because hundreds of people can hear them talk.

B. Because they are asked to turn off their mobiles.

C. Because other people’s peace and quiet is more important.

D. Because many people find a way to escape a ban.

54. Among those who are against a ban, some believe that __________.

A. they can turn off their mobiles when it is necessary

B. it is their right to use their mobiles in public places

C. a ban on mobiles would not have any result

D. they can silence their mobiles when in public places

55. The author of the text thinks that __________.

A. mobiles can be used in case of an emergency in public places

B. mobiles should be turned off in public places

C. mobiles should not be banned in public places

D. it is possible to ban the use of mobiles in public places

56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Disadvantages of Mobiles in Public Places

B. Why Not Ban Mobiles in Public Places?

C. Should Mobiles Be Banned in Public Places?

D. Manners for Mobile Users in Public Places