问题 综合

下图中(一)、(二)、(三)是“我国部分灾害分布”示意图,(四)是“我国自然灾害区划”示意图。读图判断回答:(15分)

(1)我国位于 _________________灾害带与_______________灾害带的交汇的位置,是世界上自然灾害发生广泛、灾情严重的国家之一。(4分)

(2)根据自然灾害的分类,上图所示的自然灾害分别出现了哪几类?试举例说明。(3分)

(3)根据各图判断,III地区主要的自然灾害有哪些?(3分)

(4)与其它地区相比,IV地区______________灾害的分布最为集中。(2分)

(5)针对我国自然灾害频繁发生的国情,开展防灾减灾活动,对我国的生产建设和人民生活意义重大。写出我国加强防灾设施建设的具体实例。(至少3例,3分)

答案

(1)北半球中纬度环球灾害带   环太平洋灾害带(4分)

(2)气象灾害,如干旱;地质灾害,如泥石流;水文灾害,如风暴(3分)

(3)干旱、洪水、风暴潮、台风、泥石流(任答3个得3分)

(4)地震、滑坡、泥石流(任答2个得2分) 

(5)兴建长江三峡(或葛洲坝、小浪底)大型水利枢纽(水库等);在黄河中上游(或黄土高原)、长江中上游地区植树造林,加强水土保持(或加固长江、黄河堤防等);沿海一带修建防护林(或在城市内疏通排水通道等)。(3分)

题目分析:(1)世界有两条自然灾害多发带,第一条为环太平洋灾害带;另一条为北半球中纬度环球灾害带,上述两条灾害带都从我国边缘经过。(2)自然灾害按其性质可分为地质灾害(如滑坡、泥石流、地震等)、气象灾害(如干旱、洪涝、暴雨、寒潮等)、海洋灾害(如海啸、风暴潮)和生物灾害(蝗灾、鼠疫等)。(3)直接根据图示判断,Ⅲ地区位于我国南部沿海地区,故干旱、洪涝、风暴潮、台风和泥石流等自然灾害多发。(4)图示Ⅳ地区为我国西南地区,由于位于板块交界处,地势起伏较大,降水集中多暴雨,且植被破坏严重,故地震、滑坡、泥石流灾害最为集中。(5)我国加强防灾设施建设的实例主要从加强水利工程建设、防护林建设等方面举例即可。

点评:本题难度一般,学生只要掌握世界自然灾害带的分布、自然灾害的分类和基本防治工程措施等基本内容,并能抓住图示提取有效信息是解题的关键。注意不同区域的自然灾害类型的分布差异。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
                                                        The Changing Olympic Games
        The Olympic Games have changed a lot since they were first held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. Back then,
winners got silver medals instead of gold ones. Sounds strange, doesn't it? People thought silver was better than
gold. Also, no women ran in the first Olympics, and only 14 countries took part. China was not one of them.
But those aren't the only differences.
        The Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin (顾拜旦) was the man who really wanted the Games to start
again. His idea for the modern Olympics came from the Greek Games thousands of years ago. He hoped they
would help to bring world peace.
        But it took time for the Olympics to become popular. Not many people thought they were good ideas in
1896, so they were put together poorly. Some tourists even ran in races! Today, more than 10,000 people from
about 200 countries take part.
        In the early years of the Olympics, there weren't many sports. Most events were track and field (田径),
much like in the first Greek Games. Events usually took place in the Panathenaic Stadium (雅典体育场), and
you can still see it today. Players did not wear their countries' colors in 1896. Their clothes were not like the
uniforms people wear today. In fact, players weren't even picked by their countries back then. They traveled to
the Games by themselves and had to use their own money to take part.
         New sports have been put into the Olympics over time, like badminton and table tennis. Some older games
are no longer played, like tug-of-war (拔河). It would be hard to see all the events at this year's Games. There
will be over 300!
         Swimming was different in 1896. There was a 1,200-metre race in the sea. A boat took swimmers out
into the sea and left them to swim back to land. Sometimes rough water made the race dangerous. The first
person ever to win that race was Hungarian Alfred Hajos. He seemed happy just to finish."I just wanted to live.
That's more important than winning," he said. When people or teams won events in 1896, they didn't get the
same things as now. They got olive wreaths (橄榄枝花环) to put on their heads and silver medals.
1. In the first Olympic, winners were given            .
[ ]
A、gold medals and olive wreaths
B、silver and gold medals
C、olive wreaths and flowers
D、silver medals and olive wreaths
2. Baron Pierre de Coubertin wanted the Olympic Games to start again because            .
[ ]
A、may people thought they were good ideas
B、they became popular in 1896
C、he hoped they would help to bring world peace
D、no women ran in the first Olympics
3. In the early years of the Olympics           .
[ ]
A、most events were track and field
B、players wore the uniforms people wear today
C、people from about 200 countries took part
D、events usually took place in many other countries
4. ________ are no longer played in the modern Olympics.
[ ]
A、Running
B、Tug-of-war
C、Table tennis
D、Swimming
5. The sentence underlined in the text really means            .
[ ]
A、some events will no longer be played in this year's Games
B、there will be too many events for you to see all
C、the Olympic Games have changed a lot
D、events will take place in the Panathenaic Stadium
填空题