问题 写作题

阅读下面的材料,根据要求作文。  (70分)

猪整天在老橡树下狼吞虎咽地吃着橡实,吃饱了,就躺在树荫里呼呼大睡;终于睁开沉重的眼睛醒来时,又站起身来,用猪鼻子挖掘起橡树根来了。

“喂,你不明白吗?这样要损伤橡树的。”躲在树枝上的一只老鸦责备道,“如果你把树根都暴露出来了,树就要枯死的。”

猪答道:“得了,让它枯死好了。这对我可没有什么影响。我就看不出它能有多大用处,如果它永远没有了,我也决不惋惜。我要的是橡实,养得我肥肥胖胖的是橡实呀。”

上面的材料,引发你怎样的感悟或联想?请就此写一篇不少于800字的议论文或记叙文。

要求:(1)必须符合文体要求;(2)角度自选;(3)立意白定;(4)标题自拟;(5)不要套作,不得抄袭。

答案

                  

居安思危方能立于不败之地

斑马从不曾忘记奔跑,因为它知道只有跑得快才能逃避敌害,获得生存;蚂蚁一入秋就开始不停忙碌,因为它知道只有积累得多才能穿越寒冬;小树在还是苗的时候就不停地向深处扎根,因为它知道只有根扎得牢才能顶得住暴雨狂风。动植物尚且知道在安逸的条件下为以后的艰难做准备,我们人类呢,不是更应该懂得,居安思危方能立于不败之地吗?

迈克尔·戴尔说过:“我有的时候半夜会醒,一想起事情就害怕。但如果不这样的话,那么你很快就会被别人干掉。”也许有人会说,他是胆小鬼;可我不这样认为,这句话恰好说明他是个有见识的人。因为有见识才能意识到潜在的危机,才有了如今戴尔电脑的辉煌成就。所以说,人要学会居安思危。

南唐李后主的亡国史大家并不陌生,就是因为他沉溺于靡靡之音,荒废政事才造成了亡国惨剧。尽管当时大臣已经提醒政治并不安稳,但他只认为自己身居皇位,生活安逸,却没有想到日后沦为亡国奴的悲惨境遇。就是因为没有居安思危,使他最后惨遭毒害。

因此,小到一个人,大到一个国家,不可以没有忧患意识。一个人如果没有忧患意识,总是想当然地认为自己很出色,那么他被人超过只是迟早的事。一个公司如果没有忧患意识,不懂得在竞争中求生存,那么它被收购也是迟早的事。人被超过可以追回来,公司被收购也可以重新组建,可是国家呢?如果一个国家因一时大意而灭亡,谁又能给你机会重来呢?只有在安稳的时候就考虑到潜在的危机,才能防微杜渐,防患于未然,才能使国家长盛不衰。孟子说过:“内无法家拂士,外无敌国外患者,国恒亡。”是的,我们就是需要这种忧患意识。只有时时意识到自己会有的危险,才会提早有所准备,才不会面对紧急状况措手不及。“永远战战兢兢,永远如履薄冰”这是海尔张瑞敏说过的话,或许正是这种居安思危的理念造就了海尔打不倒的传奇。

从古至今,有多少实例告诉我们贪图安逸只能带来失败,又有多少实例告诉我们居安思危才能带来成功。我们是幸运的,但是,我们肩上的担子又是沉重的。我们要承担着国家的兴盛的责任,我们不能让中国在我们这代垮下。所以,让我们从现在开始培养忧患意识,争做最好最强。让我们记住:生于忧患,死于安乐。永远保持忧患意识,居安思危,才能使我们长久立于不败之地。

题目分析:这则寓言故事叙述猪只图橡实填饱肚皮、养肥自己,而不顾橡树死活,挖掘橡树根,且不听老鸦责备的故事,旨在讽刺生活中那些只贪图眼前利益而没有长远眼光、固执己见、自以为是的人。审读这则材料,可以运用类比联想,由此及彼,联想到人类社会,这样就不难打开思路了。

从猪对于橡树的态度,可以让人联想到人与自然(环境资源)的关系,从而引申出诸如善待自然、珍惜资源、保护环境等话题,可以提炼出以下立意:⑴切莫竭泽而渔,要善待自然,合理开发;⑵人与自然应和谐相处;等等。

从猪对于劝诫者老鸦的回答,可以衍生出以下立意:⑴要善听忠告,勿刚愎自用、拒纳雅言;⑵当局者迷,旁观者清,要有从善改过的胸怀。

从猪的极端自私自利的处世态度,可以引申出以下立意:⑴要居安思危,不能只顾眼前利益(要用发展的眼光看待问题);⑵水有源,树有根,要从长计议,不可自断根源(自毁传统根脉);⑶自私自利害人害己(自私是一种愚蠢);⑷饮水思源,要有感恩之心;等等。

从乌鸦对猪的劝告角度来看,可以提炼出如下立意:对待他人的错误,不应只是简单粗暴地责备,还应讲究劝谏的策略。

单项选择题
阅读理解

     One stormy night many years ago, an elderly man and his wife entered the hall of a small hotel in

Philadelphia. Trying to get out of the rain, they came the front desk hoping to get some shelter for the

night.

     "Could you possibly give us a room here?" the husband asked.

     The clerk, a friendly man with a winning smile, looked at the couple and explained that there were

three conventions in town. "All of our rooms are taken," the clerk said. "But I can't send a nice couple

like you out into the rain at one o'clock in the morning. Would you perhaps be willing to sleep in my

room? It's not exactly a suite, but it will be good enough to make you folks comfortable for the night."

     When the couple declined, the young man pressed on. "Don't worry about me; I'll make out just

fine." the clerk told them. So the couple agreed.

     As he paid his bill the next morning, the elderly man said to the clerk, "You are the kind of manager

who should be the boss of the best hotel in the United States. Maybe someday I'll build one for you."

The clerk looked at them and smiled. The three of them had a good laugh. As they drove away, the

elderly couple agreed that the helpful clerk was indeed exceptional, as finding people who are both

friendly and helpful isn't easy.

     Two years passed. The clerk had almost forgotten the incident when he received a letter from the

old man. It recalled that stormy night and enclosed a roundtrip ticket to New York, asking the young

man to pay them a visit.

     The old man met him in New York, and led him to the corner of Fifth Avenue and 34th street. He

then pointed to a great new building there, a pale reddish stone, with turrets and watchtowers thrusting

up to the sky. "That," said the older man, "is the hotel I have just built for you to manage." "You must

be joking," the young man said. "I can assure you I am not," said the older man, a sly smile playing

around his mouth.

     The older man's name was William Waldorf Astor, and that magnificent structure was the original

WaldorfAstoria Hotel. The young clerk who became its first manager was George C. Boldt. This young

clerk never foresaw the turn of events that would lead him to become the manager of one of the world's

most glamorous hotels.

1. The purpose of the following author writing this story is to________.

A. give people a good laugh

B. cover some facts

C. promote the business of WaldorfAstoria Hotel

D. deliver a lesson

2. Which of the following statements about the story is NOT true ?

A. The story took place at about one a. m. .

B. The old couple was too poor to afford a luxurious room.

C. The clerk was willing to help those in need.

D. The clerk received an unexpected invitation from the old man.

3 The underlined word "conventions" in Para 3. can be replaced by________.

A. rooms    

B. suites

C. meetings    

D. hotels

4. Which of the following proverbs suits the story the best?

A. Every little thing helps.

B. Make hay while the sun shines.

C. Man proposes; God disposes (处理, 决定).

D. One good turn deserves another.