问题 选择题

1953年美国学者米勒模拟原始地球条件进行了实验,其结果表明

A.原始地球条件下,无机小分子可以生成有机小分子

B.原始生命来源于星际空间

C.原始生命产生于原始海洋

D.原始地球条件下可以产生原始生命

答案

答案:A

题目分析:生命起源的学说有很多,其中化学起源说是被广大学者普遍接受的生命起源假说.这一假说认为,地球上的生命是在地球温度逐步下降以后,在极其漫长的时间内,由非生命物质经过极其复杂的化学过程,一步一步地演变而成的.化学起源说将生命的起源分为四个阶段:第一个阶段,从无机小分子生成有机小分子的阶段;第二个阶段,从有机小分子物质生成生物大分子物质;第三个阶段,从生物大分子物质组成多分子体系;第四个阶段,有机多分子体系演变为原始生命.米勒通过实验验证了化学起源学说的第一阶段.

米勒的实验,将水注入左下方的烧瓶内,先将玻璃仪器中的空气抽去,然后打开左方的活塞,泵入甲烷、氨和氢气的混合气体(模拟原始大气),再将烧瓶内的水煮沸,使水蒸汽和混合气体同在密闭的玻璃管道内不断循环,并在另一容量为5升的大烧瓶中,经受火花放电(模拟雷鸣闪电)一周,最后生成的有机物,经过冷却后,积聚在仪器底部的溶液(模拟原始大气中生成的有机物被雨水冲淋到原始海洋中).此实验结果共生成20种有机物,其中11种氨基酸中有4种(即甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸)是生物的蛋白质所含有的.米勒的实验试图向人们证实,生命起源的第一步,即从无机小分子物质形成有机小分子物质,在原始地球的条件下是完全可能实现的.

单项选择题

Never mind the obesity epidemic—Canada is (31) with an epidemic of bad ideas on how to fight obesity. The latest is to treat fast-food restaurants as if they were (32) to porn shops, and (33) them from—or at least limit their numbers in—neighbourhoods with schools or hospitals.
That idea is one of many (34) by a group of medical doctors in an article published this week in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The doctors, (35) by the cardiologist Mark Eisenberg of McGill University, seem to view a bag of potato chips as the moral (36) of a package of cigarettes. They (37) propose the use of graphic warnings for junk food, similar to (38) on cigarette packages," which now have pictures of a dying cancer (39) on them. They would discuss a (40) on junk foods. Salt they suggest removing from processed foods not (41) , so that no one notices, but fast enough to destroy the enticing taste.
There is a logical end to this kind of thinking: men skulking on street corners (42) hamburgers under their trench coats, even as a massive bureaucracy decides how to separate junk foods from (43) ones, for the purposes of launching a fusillade of taxes. (The authors even envision a utopia in which people snack on "trail mix, apple slices and granola bars. ")
Canada does not need a dietitian-in-chief. It doesn’t need healthy-food enforcement officers. People in a democracy should be (44) to make bad choices, even ones as reprehensible as scarfing chips or swilling sugary pop. These choices are different from cigarette smoking, which creates (45) effects on others.

A. slightly B. gradually C. ultimately D. obediently

A new report on children’s inactivity suffers from a similar flaw. Active Healthy Kids Canada complains that 72 percent of youth from the age of 5 to 19 do not have (46) to after-school programs. But why should 19-year-olds, or even the bulk of 14-year-olds, need such regimentation The attitude seems to be that only the government can (47) children from bad habits. How the state is supposed to program the pounds off today’s children is not explained.
Demonizing smoking is very different from demonizing obesity, (48) is a condition, not a behaviour. It is influenced by (49) factors. Shaming and blaming, taxing and banning, will not work. We need to promote greater (50) , at all ages, and all weights, and keep in mind that the heavy hand of the state is not the answer to every ill.

单项选择题